CH14 Flashcards
3 Types of skeleton
Endoskeleton (vertebrates)
Exoskeleton (invertebrates with hard external structure // shell)
Hydrostatic skeleton (soft-bodied invertebrate)
6 Structure of human vertebral column
Spinous process
- Extends to the back
- Provides surface for attachment of muscles
- usually short and not fused
Transverse Process
- Provides space for attachment of muscles
Centrum
- Main part
- provide support
- absorb shock
Articular facet
- lock on to another articular facet
Neural/vertebral arch
- surround spinal canal
- Protect spinal cord
Neural/spinal canal
- cavity continous entire veretbral column that houses spinal cord
Magic number & order of vertebral column
7 12 5 5 4
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
3 Types of joint w examples
Immovable joint (In the skull)
Slightly movable joint (INtervertebral disc between each vertebrae)
Freely movable joint :
- ball-and-socket joints (elbow & knees)
- hinge
6 Structure of elbow hinge joint
Ligament
- connect bone to bone
Tendon
- connect muscle to bone
Cartilage
- absorb shocks during movement
- reduce friction between bones
Synovial membrane
- produces synovial fluid
Synovial fluid
- reduces friction between bones
- nourishes cartilage
Skeletal muscle
- when one muscle contract, the other muscle relaxes
- contracting muscle becomes shorter and thicker producing a lifting force
Process of bending the arms
Biceps contracts, triceps relaxes.
Tendon transfer pulling force produced by contraction of muscle to the radius
Radius is pulled upward
Process of straightening the arms
Triceps contracts, biceps relaxes.
Tendon transfer pulling force produced by contraction of triceps to ulna.
Ulna-radius will be pulled downwards
Process of bending legs
Biceps femoris contracts, quadriceps femoris relaxes
Process of straightening legs
Quadriceps femoris contracts, biceps femoris relaxes.
