ch16-19

Question 1

physiological changes of adults

growing, bone density, muscle strength, size/mass of muscle, body fat, flexibility and dexterity

Answer 1

growing stops by 20yrs
bone density cont into 30 yrs
muscle strength: peaks around 25 to 30 yrs
size/mass muscles : decline
body fat: increses
dexterity/flexibility: decline

Question 2

fat redistribution of adults

Answer 2

gains in the central and intrabdominal area

decrease in subutaneous fats

Question 3

fat redistribution increases risk for

6 listed

Answer 3

1. hypertension
2. insulin resistance
3. diabetes
4. stroke
5. gallbladder
6. coronary artery disease

Question 4

energy needs estimates of
maintaining weight
weight loss
weight gaining

Answer 4

maintain= 15 cal / lb
lose= 13 cal/lb
gain=17 cal/lb

Question 5

fad diets
what are they and why are they problematic?
examples?

Answer 5

promote fast and easy weight loss with strict limitations and gimmicks

• has inadequate mutrient supply
• casuses severe energy restrictions
• unusual food restriciting
• common food combinations

Question 6

weight cycling or yoyo dieeting…..

Answer 6

is more detrimental to body weights than maintaining overweight weight

Question 7

nutrient recommendations of fat carbs and protein?

Answer 7

fat 20-35%
carb 45-65%
protein 10-35%

Question 8

dietary education systems focus on:

list 5

Answer 8

1. consume more fruit, veg, fiber, lowfat dairy
2. limit sat fat intake
3. avoid trans fats
4. reg physical activity
5. energy intake balances w energy expenditure

Question 9

is the therapeutic use of veg diets pattern effective for bringing about longer term improvement in wt status in obese and overweight adults?

Answer 9

yes to those who are compliant

Question 10

what are functional foods?

Answer 10

food products that have a physiological benefit or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutr functions

Question 11

what are the 5 categories of functional foods?

Answer 11

1. supplements
2. conventional food
3. fortified food
4. medical food
5. foods for special dietary use

Question 12

supplement

with 3 examples

Answer 12

vitamin, mineral, amino, herbal or botanical, or combo ingested in pill, capsule, liquid form
example: multi vitamin, calsium, amino acids

Question 13

conventional foods
(whole food)

w 2 examples

Answer 13

unmodified food rich in bioactive components that have health benefits

examples: nuts reduce cardiac death
flaxseed for omega 3 intake

Question 14

modified foods

Answer 14

aka fortified, enriched, or enhanced… bioactive components are added, replacement or addition of component naturally in the food, food prodict formulated with bioactive components

examples: calcium fortified oj, energy bars w added aminos or probiotics in yogurt

Question 15

medical foods
prescription only

1 example

Answer 15

food formulated to be used under the supervision of dr intended for specific dietary management of a disease or condition
examples: PKU formula free of phenylalanine

Question 16

foods for dietary use
avail at retail level

examples : 2

Answer 16

food designed to meet a specific diet need due to physical, physiological, pathological, etc needed to the diet. or to replace aa meal or daily food intake requirement

example: gluten-free foods, sports drink w electrolytes

Question 17

physical activity of adults

list 3 facts

Answer 17

1. healthy eating and increased activity are the features duo for combating obesity
2. any physical activity is better than none
3. lack of activity is associated w higher risk of death or dissabilities

Question 18

recommendations for physical activity of adults:

list 2

Answer 18

at least 150 min mod intensity or 75 min vigorous per week

muscle strength activity for full body at least 2 times per week

Question 19

medical nut therapy for obesity:

Answer 19

• 4-5 meals per day
• increease phys activity
• restrict sat/trans fat
• undersupervision restrict energy levels of food for rapid loss

Question 20

cognitive behavior therapy for wt menagement

Answer 20

programs designed to build knowledge, modify beliefs and attitudes, and integrative new behaviors through a combo of skills training and anlysis of behavior and throught processes over a period of several weeks. (cognitive restructuring and stimulus control)

Question 21

MNT for heart disease

Answer 21

fat 25-35%. sat fat

Question 22

hypertension MNT

Answer 22

• maintain healthy weight

- reduce sodium to

Question 23

metabolic syndrome MNT

Answer 23

maintain healthy levels of all aspects of syndrome:

• reduce insulin levels
• reduce hypertension
• reduce high blood sugar levels
• reduce high blood pressure
• dont have to actually lose weight, only if the above permits then its necessary

Question 24

MNT for diabetes:

Answer 24

carbs: 40-60%
proper carb counting: grains 15g/svg 
fruit 15g/svg
milk 12g/svg
veg 5g/svg

1800 cal
55% CHO
990kcal
245g/day
breakfast 60g
lunch 75g
dinner 75 g
have 2 snacks at 15g each

Question 25

MNT for cancer

Answer 25

- max nutritional status - maintain strength and energy - preserve lean body mass and avoid dehydration

Question 26

MNT for osteoporosis

Answer 26

- adequate calcium, increase absorption (drink milk, take supplements w meals) - dont take calcium w antacids - consume foods w vit c, d, b6, and k (builds bones)

Question 27

dehydration

Answer 27

physiological state in which cells lose water to the point of interfering with the metabolic processes

Question 28

signs nd symptoms of dehydration

Answer 28

1%: thirst 4-6%:flushed skin, apathy, sleepy, nausea, headache, tingling in limbs, pulse rate, respiratory rate, body temperature increasing 8%:dizzy, slurred speech, weakness, confusion 12%: cognitive signs: wakefulness, delirium 20%loss: bare survival limits

Question 29

inflammatory diseases | list 8

Answer 29

periodontal disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, IBS, diverticulits, atrophic gastritis, asthma. -arthritis mostly in elderly

Question 30

risk factors of inflammatory disease:

Answer 30

- obesity - overexposure to oxidants - low vit D

Question 31

treatment for inflammatory disease

Answer 31

- weight loss increase: vit D, antioxidants, flavonoids, glucosamine, chondroitin, SAM-e, capsaicin - veg diet recommended - regulate any food allergies

Question 32

stroke

Answer 32

caused by lack of oxygen to the brain can be reversible, by monitoring and treating drug abuse early on and treating vit b12 deficiencies *vascular dimentia: mini strokes *ensure energy requirements for diet, monitor intake, proper nutrient requirements as prevention of strokes but cannot cure or rid possible stroke 100%

Question 33

what are the 5 leading causes of death in adults?

Answer 33

1. cancer 2. heart disease 3. stroke 4. diabetes 5. hypertension