Ch.16 Nose Mouth & throat Flashcards by Brittany Friedberg

adults have ___ permanent teeth- __ in each arch

32 (includng wisdom teeth)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a gradual loss of ____ starts later adult years, making the nose appear more prominent in some people

subcutaneous fat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___, a condition in which the uvula is split either completely or partially, occurs in 18% of ____ and 10% in ___.

bifid uvula
american indians
asians

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ is a milky, bluish- white, opawue apperance o he buccal mucosa. it occurs more often in darkly pigmented persons and is seen most often in african americans.

leukoedema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

throughout life, ___ have more teeth decay than ___.

whites; blacks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

subjective data for nose

discharge
frequent colds
sinus pain
trauma
epistaxis
allergies
altered smell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___- occurs with colds, allergies, sinus infections, trauma

rhinorrhea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__ is nosebleeds

epitaxis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___- occurs with trauma, vigrous nose blowing, foreign body

epitaxis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

**what should a person do when they have a nosebleed?

person should sit up with head tilted forward, pinch nose between thumb and forefinger for 5 to 15 mins.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ rhinitis if due to pollen… ____ if allergen is dust

seasonal

perennial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

subjective for mouth and throat

sores and lesions
sore throat
bleeding gum
toothache
hoarseness
dysphagia
altered taste
smoking, alcohol consumption
self-care behaviors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

untreated strep throat may lead to the complications of ____.

rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hoarseness of the larynx has many causes?

overuse of the voice
upper respiratory infection
chronic inflammation 
lesions
neoplasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___ occurs with pharyngitis, gasstroesophageal reflux disease, stroke and other neurologic diseases, esophageal cancer

dysphagia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

another word for dry mouth

xerostomia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the sense of smell is medicated by cranial nerve ___.

1; is not tested in a routine examination

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how to test for patency of the nostrils?

pushing each nasal wing shut with your finger while asking the patient to sniff inward through the other naris.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When inspecting the nasal mucosa, note its ______

normal red color, smooth and moist surface. note any swelling, discharge, bleeding or foreign body.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a deviated septum is ____ and is ____.

common

not significant unless air flow is obstructed.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bony ridges curving down from the lateral walls of the nose

turbinates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the ___ turbinate will not be in your view, but the __ and ___ turbinates appear the same light red color as the nasal mucosa

superior
middle
inferior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when palpating the sinus area, the person should feel

firm pressure but no pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lips: when inspecting the lips, all racial groups have lips that are deeper and pinker than facial skin. however. some _____ normally may have bluish lips and darker line on the gingival margin

african americans.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do inpect the lips for?

color moisture cracking lesions

cracking in all corners of lips

cheilitis( perleche)

the teeth should normally look?

white , straight, evenly spaced, and clean and free of debbris or decay.

normally the gums look...

pink or coral with stippled( dotted) surface

check the tongue for... | the color of the tongue should be...

``` color surface characteristics moisture pink and even ( a thin white coating may be present) ```

when inpecting the buccal mucosa, it looks..

pink, smooth, moist, although patchy hyperpigmentation is common and normal in dark skinned people.

an expected finding in the buccal mucosa is ___.

stensen's duck; the opening of the parotid salivary gland . a larger patch may be present along the buccal muscosa... leuokedema ( a bluish white, milky, benign, opaque area, more common in blacks and east indians)

leuokedema is ALWAYS unilateral or bilateral?

bilateral; the cause is unknown

small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of cheek, tongue and lips.

fordyce granules

the chalky white raised patche of leukoplakia is ____.

abnormal!

___ is the most common early lesion in people with aids

oral kaposi sarcoma

ask the person to say "ahhh" and note the soft palate and uvula ride in the midline. this tests one function of the cranial nerve ___.

X, vagus nerve.

a bifid uvula looks like it is split in two.. it is more common in ___.

american indians.

when inspecting the tonsils, they shoud appear...*** | in some people, the crypts collects small plugs of whitish cellular debris... this indicates___

same pink as the oral mucosa and their surface is peppered with indentations or crypts. ... this is an indication of no infection however, there should be no exudate on the tonsils.

tonsils are graded as followed:

+1: visible...very small , right at the edge +2: halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula (average) +3: touching the uvula (fluffy) +4: touching each other ( could be an emergent situation)

you may normally see +1 or +2 tonsils in healthy people, especially in children. becuase _______.

lymphoid tissue is proportionately enlarged until puberty.

a white membrane covering the tonsils may accompany ____,____ and____.

infectious mononucleosis, luekemia and diphtheria

When doing the gag reflex, this test cranial nerve _ and __ .

IX and X, the glossopharryngeal and vagus

what has a sweet, fruity breath odor?

diabetic ketoacidosis

ammonia breath odor?

uremia

musty odor

liver disease

foul, fetid odor

dental or respiratory infection

mouse-like smell of the breath

diphtheria

the most common site of a nosebleed is _____.

kiesselbach plexus in the anterior septum

a small boil located in the skin or mucous membrane ; appears red and swollen and is quite painful. avoid any manipulation or trauma that may spread the infection

furuncle

what do nasal polyps look like?

smooth, pale gray nodules, which are overgrowth of mucusa, most commonly caused by chronic allergic rhinitis.

small blue-white spots with irregular red halo scattered over mucosa opposite the molars. an early sign, and pathognomic, of measles

koplik spots

chalky white, thick, raised patch with well-defined borders. the lesion is firmly attached and does not scape off. it is due to ____ and occurs ____. lesions are precancerous and the person should be referred

leukoplakia chronic irritation heavy smoking and heavy alcohol use

a white, cheesy, curdlike patch on the buccal mucosa and tongue. it CAN scape off, leavng a raw, red surface that bleeds easily.

candiasis or monilial infection (thrush)

The nasal mucosa of an individual with rhinitis would be:

bright red and swollen.... gray and boggy with chronic allergies.

What does pallor of the lips possibly indicate?

shock or anemia

What does cyanosis of the lips possibly indicate?

Hypoxemia or chilling

Cherry bright red lips are noted with what condition(s)? `

Carbon monoxide poisoning Ketoacidosis Acidosis from aspirin poisoning

What is the number 1 cause of dry mouth in the older population? `

Taking anticholinergic medications

What color teeth might you see in someone who has excessive fluoride use?

brown teeth

a short lingual frenulum, here fixing the tongue tip to the floor of the mouth and gums. this limits mobility and will affect speech if the tongue tip cannot be elevated to the alveolar ridge. a ___defect.

ankloglossia | congenital

the surface is slick and shiny; the mucosa thins and looked red from decreased papillae. accompanied by dryness of tongue and burning. occus with vitamin b12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency and iron deficiency anema.

smooth, glossy tongue (atrophic glossitis)

pattern of normal coating interspersed with bright red, shiny, circular bald areas with raised pearly borders.

georgraphic tongue (migratory glossitis)

REVIEW

page 380-381

Chronic allergies

Mucosa looks swollen, boggy, pale, and gray.

Perforation

Is seen as a spot of light from a penlight shining in the other naris and occurs with cocaine use

Buccal mucosa

Looks smooth, pink, moist, although patchy hyperpigmentation is common and normal in dark-skinned people

Fordyce granules

Small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of cheek, tongue, and lips. They are not significant!

Torus palatinus

Nodular bony ridge down the middle of the hard palate. Common is American Indians, Inuits, and Asians. Not significant!!

A yellow, hard palate

Is an indication of jaundice!

Leukoplakia

Chalky white, thick, raised patch with well-defined borders. Occurs with heavy alcohol use, heavy smoking. The person should be referred !

Candidiasis or monolial infection

A white, cheesy, curd like patch on the Buccal mucosa and tongue. It scrapes off, leaving A raw,red surface that bleeds easily.

Smooth, glossy tongue (atrophic glossitis)

The surface is slick and shiny; the mucosa thins and looks red from decreased papillae. Accompanied by dryness of tongue and burning. Occurs with vitamin b12 deficiency (pernicious anemia), folic acid deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia.

Black hairy tongue

This is not really hair but, rather, elongation of filiform papillae and painless overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungus infection on the tongue. Color varies from black-brown to yellow. It occurs after the use of antibiotics, which inhibit normal bacteria and allow proliferation of fungus.

``` The nasal mucosa of an individual with rhinitis would be: A) moist and pink. B) swollen, boggy, and gray. C) bright red and swollen. D) pale with bright red bleeding. ```

C. Bright red and swollen

``` The examiner notices a fine tremor when the patient sticks out his or her tongue. What disorder is consistent with this finding? A) Hyperthyroidism B) Diabetic ketoacidosis C) Halitosis D) Alcoholism ```

Hyperthyroidism

On examination of an American Indian's mouth, the examiner notices the presence of a bifid uvula. How should this finding be interpreted? A) This is an expected variation associated with this individual. B) This condition is frequently associated with cleft palate. C) This may indicate the presence of oral cancer. D) This is rare and indicates other congenital anomalies may be present.

This is an expected variation in this individual

``` An enlarged tongue (macroglossia) may accompany: A) cleft palate. B) hairy tongue. C) Down syndrome. D) fissured tongue. ```

Down syndrome

``` What is the major cause of decreased saliva production in the older adult? A) Use of anticholinergic medications B) Normal aging process C) Decreased fluid intake D) A diminished sense of taste and smell ```

Use of anticholinergics meds

``` The parotid gland's duct that opens into the mouth opposite the second molar is: A) the Wharton duct. B) the salivary duct. C) Stensen duct. D) the sublingual duct. ```

Stensen duct

Which of the following questions would the examiner ask to determine whether an individual has epistaxis? A) "Do you have any difficulty with swallowing?" B) "Have you ever noticed any unusual lesions on the inside of your mouth?" C) "Do you experience nose bleeds?" D) "Do you experience a runny nose frequently?"

Do you experience nosebleeds

Ch.16 Nose Mouth & throat Flashcards

(80 cards)