General Survey, Measurement, Vital Signs Ch.9

Question 1

What areas should you consider when doing a general survey?

Answer 1

1. physical apperance
2. body structure
3. mobility
4. behavior

Question 2

redness of the skin

Answer 2

erythema

Question 3

weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness.

Answer 3

cachexia; being cachectic

Question 4

tripod- leaning forward with arms braced on chair arms; occurs with _____.

Answer 4

chronic pulmonary diease

Question 5

patient sitting straight up and resist lying down indicates….

Answer 5

congestive heart failure

Question 6

difficulty stopping with gait

Answer 6

propulsion

Question 7

the ability to form words

Answer 7

articulation

Question 8

a practical marker of optimal healthy weight for height and an indicator of obesity or malnutrition.

Answer 8

BMI

Question 9

Body Structure

Answer 9

Stature- height normal for age & genetics

Nutrition-weight appears normal range for height
& fat evenly distributed

Symmetry-body parts equal & proportioned

Posture-stands comfortably erect for age

Position- sits comfortably arms relaxed, head
turned to examiner

Body build,contour-arm span=height,crown to
pubis roughly= pubis to sole

Question 10

Obesity caused by an internal malfunction, usually hormonal (i.e. thyroid disorder).

Answer 10

endogenous obesity - cushings syndrome

Question 11

mobility

Answer 11

gait- normal walking

Range of motion- full mobility of joints & well
No involuntary movement

Question 12

physical apperance

Answer 12

Age-appears his/her stated age

Sex- sex development appropriate for gender/age

Level of Conscience-alert & oriented

Skin color-tone even,pigmentation, on lesions

Facial Features-symmetric w/movement

No signs of acute distress present

Question 13

A healthy BMI is a level of ___ or greater to less than ___.

Answer 13

19, 25

Question 14

The body maintains a steady temperature through a ______ regulated in the _____.

Answer 14

thermostat, or feedback mechanism

hypothalamus of the brain

Question 15

The normal temperature is influenced by :

Answer 15

a diurnal cycle
menstration cycle
exercise
age

Question 16

When taking oral temperature, wait __ mins if the person has just taken hot or ice liquids and ___ mins if he or she has just smoked.

Answer 16

15, 2

Question 17

the __ temperature is accurate and convenient.

Answer 17

oral

Question 18

fast and accurate, safe, unbreakable, and disposable for temperature

Answer 18

electronic thermometer

Question 19

when other routes are not practical, coma, shock, confused, etc…

Answer 19

rectal

Question 20

senses infrared emissions of the eardrum, which shares the vascular supply with the hypothalamus . accurate measurement of the core tempertature

Answer 20

tympanic membrance thermometer (TMT)

Question 21

This thermometer is used with unconscious patients or with those is emergency departments, recovery rooms, labor and delivery units.

Answer 21

TMT ; studies do not show support in critically ill patients.

Question 22

amount of blood pumped into aorta with each beat (about 70ml in adult)

Answer 22

stroke volume

Question 23

assess the pulse, including __, __, and __.

Answer 23

rate, rhythm, force

Question 24

abnormally slow heartbeat ( in adult less than 50 bpm, and not an athlete)

Answer 24

bradycardia

Question 25

The pulse rate varies with gender; after puberty, females have a slightly ___ rate than males.

Answer 25

faster

Question 26

abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 90 beats per minute)

Answer 26

tachycardia

Question 27

The rate usually increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration (towards normal). , irregular heartbeat originating in the sinoatrial node

Answer 27

sinus arrhythmia

Question 28

a ___ pulse reflects a decreased stroke volume ( as occurs with hemorrhagic shock)

Answer 28

weak, thready

Question 29

a fairly constant ratio of pulse rate to respiratory rate exist, which is about ___.

Answer 29

4:1

Question 30

maximum pressure felt on artery during left ventricle contraction, or systole

Answer 30

systolic pressure

Question 31

occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

Answer 31

diastolic pressure

Question 32

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure and reflects the stroke volume

Answer 32

pulse pressure

Question 33

pressure that drives blood into the tissues averaged over the entire cardiac cycle

Answer 33

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 34

normal factors varying BP

Answer 34

Age- gradual rise thru childhood into adulthood Gender- after puberty females lower;after menopause females higher Race-black adults higher than whites Diurnal rhythm-daily cycle- BP climbs to high in afternoon and low in morning Weight-higher in obese Exercise-increased activity yields higher BP Emotions- momentarily rises w/ fear, anger, pain Stress-elevated w/ continual tension

Question 35

BP is determined by what factors?

Answer 35

``` Cardiac output Peripheral vascular resistance Volume of circulating blood Viscosity Elasticity of vessel walls ```

Question 36

using a cuff that is too ___ yeilds a falsely high BP because it takes extra pressure to compress the artery

Answer 36

narrow

Question 37

Period during which sound disappears then reappears when taking a blood pressure measurement ( temporary disappearance of sound when taking a patient's BP)

Answer 37

auscultatory gap

Question 38

low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up

Answer 38

orthostatic hypotension

Question 39

congenital narrowing of aorta

Answer 39

coarctation

Question 40

Deficiency in growth hormone in childhood results in retardation of growth below the 3rd percentile, delayed puberty, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency.

Answer 40

hypopituitary dwarfism

Question 41

condition of overgrowth due to hyperpituitarism occuring before puberty and during the growing years

Answer 41

gigantism

Question 42

enlargement of the extremities (and bones of the face, head, hands, and feet caused by excessive production of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland after puberty)

Answer 42

acromegaly (hyperpituaitarism)

Question 43

inherited condition that results in excessive cartilage formation at the growth plates, forming long arms and legs

Answer 43

marfans syndrome

Question 44

Congenital skeletal malformation caused by a genetic disorder in converting cartilage to bone.

Answer 44

achondroplastic dwarfism

Question 45

(psychiatry) a psychological disorder characterized by somatic delusions that you are too fat despite being emaciated

Answer 45

anorexia nervosa

Question 46

Obesity caused by an internal malfunction, usually hormonal (i.e. thyroid disorder). (adrenal cortex to secrete excess cortisol.)

Answer 46

endogenous obesity- cushings syndrome p.155

Question 47

Administration of Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or excessive production of ACTH by the pituitary that leads to stimulation of adrenal cortex to secrete excess cortisol

Answer 47

endogenous obesity