Ch17: Assistive tech for cognitive augmentation

Question 1

Alternative Input

Answer 1

Technologies that offer the user different modalities for providing input commands or information to a device (e.g., voice recognition software)

Question 2

Alternative Output

Answer 2

Technologies that offer users a nontraditional means of acquiring feedback or information from a device (e.g., braille or auditory information substituted for visual displays)

Question 3

Cognitive Assistive Technologies

Answer 3

An entire system of hardware, software, and personal assistance that is individualized to meet specific intellectual or mental processing needs; also called cognitive prosthesis

Question 4

Dementia

Answer 4

A syndrome, or a pattern of clinical symptoms and signs, can be defined by the following three points:
(1) decline of cognitive capacity with some effect on day-to-day functioning, (2) impairment in multiple areas of cognition (global), and (3) normal level of consciousness

Question 5

Developmental Disabilities

Answer 5

Severe, chronic impairment of an individual that (1) is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairments; (2) is manifested before the individual attains age 22; (3) is likely to continue indefinitely; (4) results in substantial functional limitations in three or more of the following areas of major life activity: (I) self-care, (II) receptive and expressive language, (III) learning, (IV) mobility, (V) self-direction, (VI) capacity for independent living, (VII) economic self-sufficiency; (5) reflects the individual’s need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or generic services, individualized supports, or other forms of assistance that are of lifelong or extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated

Question 6

Generalization

Answer 6

The tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli

Question 7

Information Processing

Answer 7

The acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval, display, and dissemination of information

Question 8

Intellectual Disability

Answer 8

A disability where one has a below-average score on an intelligence or mental ability test as well as a limitation in functional skills; skills include (but are not limited to) communication, self-care, and social interaction

Question 9

Knowledge Representation

Answer 9

All the information and skills that have been learned (ex. the alphabet, how to wash our hands, that gravity makes things fall, the colors of the rainbow)

Question 10

Learning Disabilities

Answer 10

• Disorders in which one has near-normal mental abilities in general but a deficit in the comprehension or use of spoken or written language.
• These disabilities may be manifested as a significant difficulty with reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical ability

Question 11

Media Presentation

Answer 11

The way in which information is presented on a computer screen, website, or other display. Careful attention to media presentation can avoid extraneous information that might be distracting

Question 12

Memory

Answer 12

Often considered to have three components: (1) sensory memory, (2) short-term memory, and (3) long-term memory, each playing a role in assistive technology use

Question 13

Mild Cognitive Disabilities

Answer 13

Disabilities that have needs that are more subtle and harder to define than in the case of physical disabilities or more severe cognitive disabilities

Question 14

Problem Solving

Answer 14

A process for which the goal is to overcome obstacles obstructing a path to a solution

Question 15

Prompting

Answer 15

Providing assistance for task completion via physical (ex. “hand-over-hand”), verbal, or visual (ex. modeling) cues

Question 16

Smart Home

Answer 16

Denotes living environments in which automation is used to provide automatic functions, including monitoring, communication, household functions (lights, air conditioning/heating, door locks), physiological measurements, or medication alerts

Question 17

Stimuli Control

Answer 17

Technologies that address attention or perception problems by limiting or manipulating the information presented to the user (e.g., noise reduction, uncluttered media presentation)

Question 18

Tracking and Identification

Answer 18

Devices that track or identify people or items; such devices often provide an extra degree of safety for users who might not have the cognitive skills required to work their way out of problematic situations

Question 19

Traumatic Brain Injury

Answer 19

May occur when the head or brain is struck by an external force; one of these two criteria must be satisfied for the diagnosis: either the patient has amnesia from the traumatic event, or the patient has a documented loss of consciousness

Question 20

Vigilance

Answer 20

Paying close and continuous attention over a prolonged period of time