Ch17 Inherited Change Flashcards
1
Q
Genotype
A
The genetic constitution of an organism
2
Q
Phenotype
A
- Observable characteristic of organism
- Interaction between genotype and environment
3
Q
Gene
A
length of DNA
sequence of nucleotide bases
code for particular polypeptide
4
Q
Co-dominance
A
both alleles are expressed in the phenotype
5
Q
Observed ratio not expected
A
- Sample is too small
- fusion of gametes is random
6
Q
Allele
A
- different form of a gene
- found on same locus of chromosome
7
Q
Genetic variation
A
- Crossing over between chromatids
- Independent assortment
8
Q
Sex-linkage
A
Allele located on sex chromosome
9
Q
Male recessive sex-linkage
A
- Y chromosome is shorter
- Allele is more likely to be on X chromosome
- Male only get one copy of allele
- Recessive is expressed
10
Q
Dominant allele
A
always expressed in phenotype
11
Q
Autosomal linkage unexpected ratio
A
- genes located on same chromosome
- more likely to be inherited
- stay together during independent segregation
- produces 2 outcomes
- recombinant genes lower frequency- crossing over
- Parental genes higher frequency
12
Q
Epistasis
A
allele masks or supresses expression of gene at another locus
13
Q
Chi squared formula
A
∑ ((O-E)^2 / E)
14
Q
Chi-squared conditions
A
- discrete data
- raw data
- large sample
15
Q
Chi squared significant difference
A
- compare to critical value
- if number bigger/equal to critical value
3 there is significant difference between observed and expected results - reject null hypothesis
- results are not due to chance
16
Q
Chi squared no signifcant difference
A
- compare to critical value
- if number less than critical value, 3. there is no significant difference between observed and expected results
- accept null hypothesis
- results are due to chance
17
Q
Genome
A
The complete set of genes in a cell
18
Q
Proteome
A
The complete set of proteins a cell is able to produce
