CH.19 Flashcards
Hymenoptera:
Hymenoptera means
Ptera means
Hymenoptera
Membrane
Hymenoptera:
How many species are recognized?
And when did they evolve?
What type of metamorphosis do they have?
There are 150,000 recognize and they evolved 250,000 miles and years ago and they have complete metamorphosis
Hymenoptera:
What kind of wings and how many, and what kind of eyes do they have?
They have Hamulate wings: which help attach hind wing
2 pair of wings
Comp eyes
Hymenoptera:
What kind of mouthparts do they have?
Chewing and lapping mandibles like the honeybees
Hymenoptera:
What kind of a ovipositor do females have?
It’s modified into a stinger.
Hymenoptera:
Their sociality
- solitary?
- Communal?
- Semi-social?
- Eusocial?
SCSE
- Host alone, Forage individually.
- Host together, forage individually.
- They nest together, reproduced division of labor.
- As in semi social but with overlap in generation (offspring assist parents)
Hymenoptera: Sociality
What are the requirements of eusociality?
LRCO
- Live in groups as adults
- Reproduce division of labor
- Cooperate broad care
- Overlapping generations in adults
For eusocial species that live in colonies, what forms of communication are most important and why?
Communication by smell and sound not sight normally dark within the nest
Are there other eusocial animals?
Which taxonomic order has the most eusocial species?
Ants,bees, wasps. And the taxonomic groups are hymenoptera and Chordata.
Family formicidae:
Ants make up __-__% of the total terrestrial biomass in tropics.
Where and when did they evolve?
15-20
In Cretaceous.
110-130 mill years ago
Family formicidae:
What do they use as a defense secretion? (Some, not all)
formic acid
Family formicidae:
What is the petiole?
The narrowest of some Hymenopteran insects, especially ants, bees, and wasps.
Petiole-petite
Family formicidae:
What are the uses of their stinger? What is a distinct characteristics of their antennae?
For: defense, hunting, trail pheromone.
Geniculate antennae “elbow shape”.
The form is deformed**
Family formicidae:
What are some important biological aspects of ants?
- Adult ants are?
- Liquid ?? Among colony members
- ?? To maintain numerous colony functions “pheromone”
- Liquid feeders
- Food Exchange
- Chemical communication
Family formicidae:
Foraging and marking foraging trails.
They use ?? as a chemical substance, so other ants can track food.
Trail pheromones
Family formicidae:
What type of nesting do they have?
Elaborate underground colonies, grouped by agents (youngest are all together).
Dorylinae:
What type of insect is this? And why do they have the name they do?
Army aunts, bc their life is without a permanent nest (?) they making a nest with their bodies, which are not permanent nest
Bivovac
Dorylinae:
Describe how they are during their stationary phase?
Army ants stay stationary for about 20 days and they are Pupa, also are nearly blind.
Dorylinae:
How are they during their nomadic Phase?
They are larvae, anything in the way will be attacked, they slice prey apart and give out an acid and continue to eat pray.
Subfamily Myrmicinae:
what type of insects are found within the sub family?
The harvester ants, fire ants, leaf cutter ants are all found within this sub family.
Subfamily Myrmicinae:
What 2 ecological innovations do they attain?
Seed harvesting (the harvester and fire ant), fungus growing (leaf cutter ants).
Subfamily Myrmicinae:
How large is the sub family? What do they use their functional sting for?
There are 150 generations worldwide and 130 species in California.
They have a functional stinger for trail laying, terrestrial marking, applying venom.
Leafcutter ants:
Unique farming of?. They collect? To serve as the nutritional substrate of their??
Leaves, leaves, fungal cultival
Leafcutter ants:
How to they keep the gardens clean?
GPU
Gardens are fungus. Produce antibiotic compounds to keep the garden clean. They use a chemical substance.
