Ch2: Approaches to Infection Control

Question 1

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)

Answer 1

• Occurs in 1 out of 20 patients
• 4th leading cause of death
• Basic measures of prevention: Varied means of patient/client exposure; 2007: Every patient/client treated as if they have a transmittable disease

Question 2

Cycle of Cross- Contamination and Infection

Answer 2

Transmission > Entry > Suseptible Host > Infectious Agent > Reservoir > Exit

Question 3

Microorganisms

Answer 3

-Varying resistance to medications (antibodies)
-Proliferate best in dark, warm, moist
environments
-Aerobic or anaerobic
Spores: difficult to destroy

Question 4

Aseptic Techniques

Answer 4

-Protecting caregiver & others
-Barriers: skin and cilia in the
lungs
-Cleanliness of equipment, floors, & restroom
-Proper control of heat, light, & air
-Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) = use & disposal
-Hand hygiene activities

Question 5

Medical Asepsis

Answer 5

• Clean Approach

- Goal: Confine Pathogens

Question 6

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 6

• Surgical Scrub

- Goal: Creat Sterile Field

Question 7

Standard Precautions

Answer 7

• Infection prevention practices that apply to all patients/clients: Frequent hand washing/hand rubbing, PPE
• All blood, body fluids, excretions (except
  sweat) , secretions, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents

Question 8

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Answer 8

• Gloves
• Gowns
• Masks
• Protective eyewear -Shoe coverings

Question 9

Transmission Based Isolation Precautions

Answer 9

Standard Precautions, Transmission-Based Precautions, Airborne Precautions, Contact Precautions, Droplet Precautions

Question 10

Modes of Transmission

Answer 10

Droplet Nuclei: Airborne
Droplets: Droplet, Direct Contact, Indirect Contact
(Transmission routes involving a combination of hand and surface= indirect contact)

Question 11

Hand Hygiene

Answer 11

• Perform before & after patient contact
• Proper use = ê cross-contamination
• Provide training: new hires & caregivers annually

Question 12

Basic Principles of Hand Washing

Answer 12

-Remove jewelry
-Avoid artificial fingernails or chipped nail
polish
-Trim nails to less than 1⁄4 inch
-Use proper care for irritations, lesions, or breaks in skin
-Use warm water

Question 13

Criteria for Performing Hand Hygiene

Answer 13

1. Visibly dirty or considered
contaminated
2. 15 to 30 seconds; sing Happy Birthday
3. Friction of rubbing removes bacteria
4. Antimicrobial agent leads to antiseptic cleansing
5. Avoid using bar soap

Question 14

Hand Rubbing: Advantages

Answer 14

-Decrease Time
-Increase effective than
soap & water
-Increase accessible than sinks
-Significantly
decrease bacterial counts
-Decrease damage to skin

Question 15

Hand Rubbing: Basic Steps

Answer 15

-Apply antibacterial drops to one hand
-Rub product briskly over hands, covering all
surfaces
-Rub hands until dry (25 to 30 seconds)
*Wash hands after several hand rubs

Question 16

Responsibility of Healthcare Worker OSHA Guidelines

Answer 16

• Use protective equipment and clothing
• Dispose of wastes in proper containers
• Dispose of sharps in proper sharp containers
• Keep work and patient care areas clean
• Wash hands immediately following removal of gloves

Question 17

Responsibilities of Healthcare Facility OSHA Guidelines

Answer 17

-Educate employees
-Provide safe and adequate protective
garments
-Educate on prevention of transmission
-Provide proper disposal containers
-Offer HBV vaccine
-Provide follow-up care to employees exposed to communicable diseases