Preparation for Patient/Client Care Activities

Question 1

Orientation

Answer 1

1. Introduction
2. Verify the Patient/Client
3. Interview
4. Perform assessments
5. Establish treatment goals that are linked to functional outcomes
6. Inform patient/client of treatment plan and techniques
7. Inform patient/client of treatment plan and techniques
8. Encourage patient/client to ask questions
9. Obtain informed consent

Question 2

Verify the Patient/Client (Orientation)

Answer 2

Remember patients may have similar or the same name so verification using name and another form of ID is important (confirm date of birth, or maybe even driver’s license)

Question 3

Interview (Orientation)

Answer 3

Patient subjective data

Question 4

Perform Assessments (Orientation)

Answer 4

e.g. range of motion, strength tests

Question 5

Establish treatment goals that are linked to functional outcomes
(Orientation)

Answer 5

e.g. increasing standing balance to be able to stand to dress

Question 6

Patient / Client Management Process

Answer 6

1. Review medical record
2. Examine / evaluate
3. Analyze data
4. Postulate diagnosis and prognosis
5. Develop a plan of care
6. Select treatment activities and techniques
7. Establish sequence, frequency, and duration
8. Consider discharge / discontinuation
9. Implement plan of care (Apply techniques, activities, or procedures)
10. Revise Plan (based on patient progression)
11. Terminate plan
12. Determine need for referral
13. Develop a home program and instruct home caregiver(s)

Question 7

Consider discharge / discontinuation (Patient / Client Management Process)

Answer 7

• Discuss discharge plan on day 1 including factors like support at home, home environment to include stairs
• Reassess based on patient progression

Question 8

Communication

Answer 8

Verbal, Nonverbal, Audiovisual aids, Written, Barriers for effective communication

Question 9

Verbal (Communication)

Answer 9

• Patient-friendly language aka layman’s terminology
• Communication based on diagnosis (e.g. patients with dementia need shorter, clearer directions)
• Have patient repeat instructions to ensure that they understand

Question 10

Nonverbal (Communication)

Answer 10

• Review page 16 and table 1-4 on aspects of Nonverbal Communication
• This includes being aware of your patient’s nonverbal communication such as grimacing

Question 11

Audiovisual aids (Communication)

Answer 11

• iPhones

- Use of assistive technology like communication boards

Question 12

Written (Communication)

Answer 12

• Clear documentation and communication with other professionals
• Communication with patients

Question 13

Barriers for effective communication (Communication)

Answer 13

• Noisy environment
• Language barriers
• Cultural customs

Question 14

Guidelines for Communicating with Persons with Disabilities

Answer 14

-Interact directly
-Greet and respect
-Introduce yourself
-Position yourself at eye level (practice this now in practicals)
-Avoid leaning or sitting on assistive devices
-Interact as you would with a person who does not have a disability
(Be aware of the words you use e.g. “you’re legs are weak” versus “We’re doing this to really maximize your strengths”)
-Use tactile and visual cues
-Be patient and listen carefully
-Offer assistance as needed or requested
(Don’t just jump in to help as you want to encourage as much independence as possible)

Question 15

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Answer 15

-Sets standards to protect an individual’s healthcare information
-PHI: protected health information
(Social Security # Address, Services Completed, Payment Information)
-Violations
(Identity Theft)

Question 16

Elements of Informed Consent

Answer 16

• Verify the Patient/Client being treated (2 patient/client identifiers)
• Description of patient/client’s status
• Description of the recommended treatment plan
• Risks, complications, and precautions
• Expected prognosis and outcomes
• Alternative forms of treatment
• Answering patient/client’s questions accurately and professionally
• Explanation of possible consequences of no treatment
• Document the process used to obtain informed consent

Question 17

Sentinel Event (Types of Medical Errors)

Answer 17

Injury as a result of medical management process

e.g. ineffective hand washing that led to spreading MRSA

Question 18

Potential Adverse Event (Types of Medical Errors)

Answer 18

Event that could have been avoided

e.g. incorrect medication prescription and the pharmacist calls the MD to confirm that the medication was correct

Question 19

Active Error (Type of Medical Errors)

Answer 19

Caused by an individual

e.g. patient fall risk communicated all involved in the patient’s care

Question 20

Latent Error (Types of Medical Error)

Answer 20

Flaw of design or organization of healthcare delivery
e.g. a lift was installed in the hospital incorrectly so there are risks associated with its use due to the way it was installed

Question 21

Preventing Medical Errors

Answer 21

• Root cause analysis (RCA) for sentinel events (Joint Commission standards)
• Properly functioning and maintained equipment
• Obstacle free, with no congestion in the physical environment
• Adequate availability of personnel (e.g. waiting for a second person for a 2-person transfer rather than trying on your own)
• Maintenance of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) manual (Discusses all chemicals at the organization and consequences if they are spilled)
• Awareness of physiologic changes associated with aging- table 1.6 page 21 (Vision, hearing, diminished reflexes)

Question 22

Safety Recommendations

Answer 22

• Perform hand hygiene before and after treatments
• Maintain sufficient space
• Perform transfers in unobstructed areas
• Implement maintenance program for equipment and materials
• Secure equipment, furniture, and assistive aids and store them when not in use
• Keep floors clear
• Attention to patient / client at all times
• Properly protect the patient / client
• Use trained, qualified, and competent personnel
• Avoid storing potentially hazardous materials or equipment