Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OS > ch2 - basic > Flashcards

ch2 - basic Flashcards

Operating-System Services (62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the primary function of operating systems?

A

Provide an environment for execution of programs and services to programs and users

מערכת הפעלה היא גם סביבה להרצת תוכנות

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the common types of user interfaces in operating systems?

A
  • Command-Line Interface (CLI)
  • Graphics User Interface (GUI)
  • Touch-screen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of batch program execution in an operating system?

A

Load a program into memory and run it, ending execution normally or abnormally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What operations may a running program require related to I/O?

A

Involves a file or an I/O device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What functionalities are provided by file-system manipulation in operating systems?

A
  • Read and write files
  • Create and delete files
  • Search files
  • List file information
  • Permission management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do processes communicate in an operating system?

A
  • Shared memory
  • Message passing (packets moved by the OS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of error detection in operating systems?

A

Constant awareness of possible errors in CPU, memory hardware, I/O devices, and user programs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the significance of debugging facilities in an operating system?

A

Enhance the user’s and programmer’s ability to efficiently use the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is resource allocation in the context of operating systems?

A

Allocating resources to multiple users or jobs running concurrently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What types of resources are typically allocated by an operating system?

A
  • CPU cycles
  • Main memory
  • File storage
  • I/O devices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the purpose of logging in an operating system?

A

Keep track of which users use how much and what kinds of computer resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two main aspects of protection and security in operating systems?

A
  • Control access to system resources
  • User authentication to protect against outside access
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Command Line Interpreter (CLI)?

A

Allows direct command entry, fetching commands from the user and executing them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Graphical User Interface (GUI)?

A

User-friendly desktop metaphor interface using a mouse, keyboard, and monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are touchscreen interfaces designed for?

A

Devices where mouse is not possible or desired, using gestures and virtual keyboards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a system call?

A

Programming interface to the services provided by the OS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are system calls typically identified in an operating system?

A

By a number associated with each system call

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three general methods used for passing parameters to the OS?

A
  • Pass parameters in registers
  • Store parameters in a block in memory
  • Push parameters onto the stack
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the types of system calls related to process control?

A
  • Create process
  • Terminate process
  • Load, execute
  • Wait for time, signal event
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the types of system calls related to file management?

A
  • Create file
  • Delete file
  • Open, close file
  • Read, write file
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What types of system calls are associated with device management?

A
  • Request device
  • Release device
  • Read, write device
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What types of system calls are related to information maintenance?

A
  • Get time or date
  • Set time or date
  • Get system data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What types of system calls are used for communications?

A
  • Create, delete communication connection
  • Send, receive messages
  • Transfer status information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an example of a system without a traditional operating system?

A

Arduino, which is single-tasking and loads programs via USB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is FreeBSD?
A Unix variant that supports multitasking and user shell invocation
26
What are system services in the context of operating systems?
Programs that provide a convenient environment for program development and execution
27
What are the main categories of system programs?
* File manipulation * Status information * Programming language support * Communications * Background services
28
What are linkers and loaders in operating systems?
Linkers combine object files into a single executable; loaders bring the executable into memory to run
29
What are dynamically linked libraries (DLLs)?
Libraries loaded as needed, shared by all that use the same version
30
Why are applications often operating system specific?
Each OS provides unique system calls and file formats
31
What is the Application Binary Interface (ABI)?
Defines how different components of binary code can interface for a given OS on a specific architecture
32
What are user goals for operating systems?
* Convenient to use * Easy to learn * Reliable * Safe * Fast
33
What are system goals for operating systems?
* Easy to design * Easy to implement * Flexible * Reliable * Efficient
34
What is the principle of separating policy from mechanism in operating systems?
Allows maximum flexibility if policy decisions are to be changed later
35
What are the common structures of operating systems?
* Simple structure * More complex structure * Layered structure * Microkernel * Monolithic structure
36
What is a microkernel?
Moves as much functionality from the kernel into user space, allowing easier extension and portability
37
What is a hybrid operating system?
Combines multiple approaches to address performance, security, and usability needs
38
What is the structure of Apple's iOS?
Based on Mac OS X, added functionality, does not run OS X applications natively
39
What is the Android operating system based on?
Based on Linux kernel but modified, providing process, memory, and device-driver management
40
What is the process for building an operating system from scratch?
Write the operating system source code, configure the operating system for the system
41
What programming language is primarily used for developing Android applications?
Java ## Footnote Apps developed in Java plus Android API
42
What is the purpose of the Dalvik VM in Android?
Runs Java class files compiled to Java bytecode ## Footnote Translated to executable
43
What type of libraries are included in Android development?
Frameworks for web browser, database, multimedia, smaller libc ## Footnote Includes webkit and SQLite
44
What is the first step in building an operating system from scratch?
Write the operating system source code
45
What is the purpose of the bootstrap loader?
Locates the kernel, loads it into memory, and starts it
46
What does BIOS stand for?
Basic Input/Output System
47
What modern system has replaced BIOS?
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)
48
What is GRUB?
Common bootstrap loader that allows selection of kernel from multiple disks, versions, kernel options
49
What is debugging?
Finding and fixing errors, or bugs
50
What types of files can an operating system generate during failure?
* Core dump file capturing memory of the process * Crash dump file containing kernel memory
51
What is profiling in the context of operating systems?
Periodic sampling of instruction pointer to look for statistical trends
52
What is Kernighan's Law?
Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place
53
What is a common tool for tracing system calls invoked by a process?
strace
54
What tool can be used for performance tuning and displaying system behavior?
'top' program or Windows Task Manager
55
What does BCC stand for?
BPF Compiler Collection
56
What is the purpose of BCC?
Providing tracing features for Linux
57
What is the output of a failure in an application called?
Core dump file
58
Fill in the blank: Debugging interactions between user-level and kernel code is nearly impossible without a toolset that understands both and can ______ their actions.
instrument
59
True or False: Performance tuning can optimize system performance beyond just fixing crashes.
True
60
What type of data does tracing collect?
Data for a specific event, such as steps involved in a system call invocation
61
What is the tool 'tcpdump' used for?
Collecting network packets
62
What kind of listing can be used for performance tuning?
Trace listings of activities, recorded for analysis

OS (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions