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CH2 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Circulation

A

Transporting blood to and from the body

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2
Q

What is recorded on the ECG strip?

A

Electrical activity of the heart

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3
Q

Pericardium

A

2 layered sac of tissue enclosing the heart

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner layer of the heart that lines the chambers and valves.

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle, thickest muscular layer, responsible for heart contractions

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6
Q

Epicardium

A

Aka visceral epicardium
Outside, thin layer of the heart that contains the coronary arteries

Inner layer of the pericardium

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7
Q

Interatrial septum

A

A wall of tissue that separates the left and right atria of the heart

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8
Q

Interventricular septum

A

A wall that divides the right and left ventricles

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9
Q

List the Semilunar valves

A

Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

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10
Q

List the Atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve (mitral)

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11
Q

Route of deoxygenated blood to the lungs

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid Valve (atrioventricular)
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve (semilunar)
Pulmonary artery
Lungs

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12
Q

Route of oxygenated blood from lungs to heart to body

A

Returns through Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve(AV Vavle)
Left Ventricle
Aortic valve (semilunar)
Aorta
Body

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13
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Transportation of blood to and from the lungs

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14
Q

Systemic circulations

A

The pathways for pumping blood to and from the body

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15
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Thr circulation blood to and from heart muscle

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16
Q

Coronary Circulation pathway

A

Oxygenated blood in left Ventricle
Aortic Vavle
Aorta
Coronary Arteries (right and left)
Heart
Deoxygenated blood coronary veins
Coronary sinus
Emptied into right atrium

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17
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood ejected with each contraction

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18
Q

Estimated cardiac output is calculated by

A

CO = HR x SV
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

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19
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

The contraction and relaxation of the heart

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20
Q

Systole

A

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
Blood pumped to lungs and systemic (body) circulation

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21
Q

Diastole

A

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle where atria expand and refill

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22
Q

True or false:
Each complete lubb-dubb you hear is one beat of the heart

A

True

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23
Q

What creates the Lubb sound of the heart beat?

A

Contraction of ventricles
Closing of the AV Valves
- Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valve

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24
Q

What created the dubb sound in the heart beat?

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A

Beginning of the diastolic phase
Closure of the Pulmonary and Aortic valves

25
Unique qualities that control the beat of the heart and produce the electrical wave?
Automaticity, conductivity, contractility, and excitability/irritability
26
Automaticity
The ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by an independent source
27
Conductivity
The ability of the heart cells to recieve and transmit an electrical impulse
28
Are myocardial cells supposed to conduct electrical impulses?
Yes
29
Contractility
The ability of the heart muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus
30
Exitabillity/Irritability
The ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus
31
Heartbeat is controlled by which nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System ANS
32
Sympathetic branch of ANS secretes what to increase heart rate and contractility?
Norepinephrine
33
Parasympathetic branch of ANS secretes what to exert a depressant effect on the heart?
Acetylcholine
34
What happens when there is a low concentration of potassium ions(hypokalemia)?
Heart rate decreases
35
What happens if someone has hyperkalemia?
Abnormal heart rate
36
What happens if somone has hypocalcemia?
Decrease in the force of the heart's contractions
37
What happens if someone has hypercalcemia?
Can increase the force of the hearts contractions
38
Pathway of conduction in the heart
Siniatrial (SA) node Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle Right and Left Bundle Branches - aka. Bundle of His Purkinje fibers
39
Pacemaker of the heart aka __
SA Node
40
Atrial kick
Additional blood that goes into the ventricles before the heart contracts
41
Inherent rate of SA node
60-100 times per min
42
Inherent rate of AV Node
40-60 times per min
43
Interent rate of purkinje fibers
20-40 times per min
44
Polarization
State of cellular rest in which the inside is negatively charged and the outside is positively charged
45
Depolarization
The electrical activation if the cells of the heart that initiates contraction of the heart muscle (Inside becomes positive)
46
Action potential
The change in the electrical potential of the heart muscle when it is stimulated
47
Repolarization
The return of heart muscle cells to their resting electrical state, causing the heart muscles to relax
48
Isoelectric line
The period when the electrical tracing of the ECG is at zero or a straight line, and no positive or negative deflections are seen Aka. Baseline
49
P wave
Small curve Atrial depolarization with resulting atrial contraction
50
QRS Complex
Ventricular depolarization and resulting ventricular contraction Atrial repolarization occurs(not seen)
51
T wave
Ventricular repolarization
52
U wave
Repolarization of purkinje fibers - not always seen - may be seen in instances of Electrolyte imbalance
53
PR interval
Beginning of atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depolarization
54
QT Interval
Period of time from the start of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular depolarization
55
ST Segment
Time between ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization
56
Normal ventricular depolarization time (QRS)
0.06 - 0.12 secs
57
Ischemia
A sudden loss or reduction in blood supply to a region of the heart tissue Partial or complete blockage
58
Normal length of time for PR interval
0.12 - 0.20 secs

EKG (12 decks)

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