CH.2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

Question 1

What is AGE-SEX DISTRIBUTION?

Answer 1

A model used in population geography that describes the ages and numbers of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid.

Question 2

What is AGRICULTURAL DENSITY?

Answer 2

The number of farmers per unit area of farmland.

Question 3

What is ARITHMETIC DENSITY?

Answer 3

The number of people living in a given unit area.

Question 4

What is a BABY BOOM?

Answer 4

A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity.

Question 5

What is a BABY BUST?

Answer 5

Period during the 1960s and 1970s when fertility rates in the United States dropped as large numbers of women from the baby boom generation sought higher levels of education and more competitive jobs.

Question 6

What is CARRYING CAPACITY?

Answer 6

The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can sustainably support.

Question 7

What is CHAIN MIGRATION?

Answer 7

The migration event in which individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends or family members to an existing community.

Question 8

What is CHILD MORTALITY RATE?

Answer 8

Number of deaths per thousand children within the first five years of life.

Question 9

What is a COHORT?

Answer 9

A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit.

Question 10

What is the COTTON BELT?

Answer 10

The term by which the American South used to be known, as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region.

Question 11

What is CRUDE BIRTH RATE?

Answer 11

The number of live births per year per thousand people.

Question 12

What is CRUDE DEATH RATE?

Answer 12

The number of deaths per year per thousand people.

Question 13

What is the DEMOGRAPHIC ACCOUNTING EQUATION?

Answer 13

An equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population within a country during a particular time period.

Question 14

What is the DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL?

Answer 14

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.

Question 15

What is DEMOGRAPHY?

Answer 15

The study of human populations, including their temporal and spatial dynamics.

Question 16

What is the DEPENDENCY RATIO?

Answer 16

The ratio of the number of people who are either too old or too young to provide for themselves to the number of people who must support them through their own labor.

Question 17

What is DOUBLING TIME?

Answer 17

Time period required for a population experiencing exponential growth to double in size completely.

Question 18

What is EMIGRATION?

Answer 18

The process of moving out of a particular country, usually the individual person’s country of origin.

Question 19

What is EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITION?

Answer 19

Sudden population growth as a result of improved food security and health care, followed by a plateau in growth because of subsequent declines in fertility rates.

Question 20

What is EXPONENTIAL GROWTH?

Answer 20

Growth that occurs when a fixed percentage of new people is added to a population each year.

Question 21

What is FORCED MIGRATION?

Answer 21

The migration event in which individuals are forced to leave a country against their will.

Question 22

What is GENERATION X?

Answer 22

A term coined by artist and author Douglas Coupland to describe people born in the United States between the years 1965 and 1980.

Question 23

What is immigration?

Answer 23

The process of individuals moving into a new country with the intention of remaining there.

Question 24

What is the infant mortality rate?

Answer 24

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.

Question 25

What is internal migration?

Answer 25

The permanent or semipermanent movement of individuals within a particular country.

Question 26

What are intervening obstacles?

Answer 26

Any forces or factors that may limit human migration.

Question 27

What is involuntary migration?

Answer 27

See forced migration.

Question 28

What is life expectancy?

Answer 28

The average age individuals are expected to live, which varies across space, between genders, and even between races.

Question 29

Who is Thomas Malthus?

Answer 29

Author of Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) who claimed that population grows at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically.

Question 30

What is the maternal mortality rate?

Answer 30

Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth.

Question 31

What is migration?

Answer 31

A long-term move of a person from one political jurisdiction to another.

Question 32

What is the natural increase rate?

Answer 32

The difference between the number of births and number of deaths within a particular country.

Question 33

What is neo-Malthusian?

Answer 33

Advocacy of population-control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations.

Question 34

What is overpopulation?

Answer 34

A value judgment based on the notion that the resources of a particular area are not great enough to support that area's current population.

Question 35

What is physiologic density?

Answer 35

A ratio of human population to the area of cropland, used in less-developed countries dominated by subsistence agriculture.

Question 36

What is population density?

Answer 36

A measurement of the number of persons per unit of land area.

Question 37

What is population geography?

Answer 37

A division of human geography concerned with spatial variations in distribution, composition, growth, and movements of population.

Question 38

What is a population pyramid?

Answer 38

A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population.

Question 39

What are pull factors?

Answer 39

Attractions that draw migrants to a certain place, such as a pleasant climate and employment or educational opportunities.

Question 40

What are push factors?

Answer 40

Incentives for potential migrants to leave a place, such as a harsh climate, economic recession, or political turmoil.

Question 41

Who are refugees?

Answer 41

People who leave their home because they are forced out, but not because they are being relocated or enslaved.

Question 42

What is the Rust Belt?

Answer 42

The northern industrial states of the United States, including Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, which lost much of their economic base to more attractive regions.

Question 43

What is the Sun Belt?

Answer 43

US region, mostly comprising southeastern and southwestern states, which has grown most dramatically since World War II.

Question 44

What is the total fertility rate?

Answer 44

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

Question 45

What is voluntary migration?

Answer 45

Movement of an individual who consciously and voluntarily decides to locate to a new area-the opposite of forced migration.

Question 46

What is zero population growth?

Answer 46

Proposal to end population growth through a variety of official and nongovernmental family-planning programs.