Ch2 redo

Question 1

Smallest particle of an element

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

Dalton’s atomic theory (4)

Answer 2

1. Atoms are the most basic matter
   particles that make up the elements
   2.Atoms of the same elements are the same.
   3.Atoms of one element cannot be chemically
   changed into atoms of another element.
   4.Atoms combined in whole number ratios can
   describe compounds.

Question 3

Discoverer of electron

Answer 3

JJ Thomson

Question 4

Plum pudding model

Answer 4

by JJ Thomson, electrons in an positively charged sphere

Question 5

Discoverer of proton

Answer 5

Ernest Rutherford

Question 6

Gold foil experiment

Answer 6

Ernest Rutherford shot alpha particles at gold foil and noticed some were shot off at high angles

Question 7

Rutherford’s nuclear model

Answer 7

nucleus of protons and neutrons, very dense
with a light and voluminous electron cloud
mostly empty space

Question 8

Electron (symbol, charge, and mass)

Answer 8

e-

• 1
  0. 000549 amu

Question 9

Proton(symbol, charge, and mass)

Answer 9

p
+1
1.00728

Question 10

Neutron(symbol, charge, and mass)

Answer 10

n
0
1.00867

Question 11

Atomic number (Z)

Answer 11

number of protons in an element, lower left number when given.

Question 12

Atomic mass (A)

Answer 12

number of protons plus neutrons, upper left number

Given in amu(atomic mass unit)

Question 13

What are atoms of the same element but with different masses(due to differences in neutrons)?

Answer 13

isotopes

Question 14

weighted average of atomic weights

Answer 14

mass of an isotope times its relative abundance plus the same for each isotope

Question 15

Columns of periodic table are?

Answer 15

Groups, elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

Question 16

Rows of periodic table are?

Answer 16

Periods

Question 17

Alkali metals are which group?

Answer 17

1A ex: Li

Question 18

Alkaline earth metals are which group?

Answer 18

2A ex: Be

Question 19

Chalcogens are which group?

Answer 19

6A ex: O

Question 20

Halogens are which group?

Answer 20

7A ex: F

Question 21

Noble gases are which group?

Answer 21

8A ex: He

Question 22

Characteristics of metals

Answer 22

metallic shine (luster) 
conduct electricity well 
conduct heat well 
malleable 
ductile 
usually solid at room temp
various reactivity
loses electrons to form cations(positive)
usually form ionic compounds

Question 23

Characteristics of non-metals

Answer 23

poor electrical conductors 
poor heat conductors 
mostly found in compounds 
not malleable or ductile 
variable reactivity
usually forming molecular compounds sharing of electrons)
gain electrons to form anions(negative)

Question 24

Subscript to the right of element symbol means?

Answer 24

the number of atoms of that element in one molecule of the compound.

Question 25

molecular compounds

Answer 25

contains molecules usually of only nonmetals

Question 26

Diatomic molecules (occur naturally as molecules with 2 atoms)

Answer 26

``` – Hydrogen – Nitrogen – Oxygen – Fluorine – Chlorine – Bromine – Iodine BrINClHOF ```

Question 27

Which formulas give the lowest whole-number | ratio of atoms of each element in a compound?

Answer 27

Empirical formulas

Question 28

Which formulas give the exact number of atoms | of each element in a compound?

Answer 28

Molecular formulas

Question 29

Which formulas show the order in which atoms are bonded?

Answer 29

structural formulas

Question 30

BLANK drawings also show the three-dimensional array of atoms in a compound.

Answer 30

Perspective drawings

Question 31

An atom that gains or loses an electron is called an

Answer 31

When atoms lose or gain electrons, they become ions. – Cations are positive and are formed by elements on the left side of the periodic chart. – Anions are negative and are formed by elements on the right side of the periodic chart.

Question 32

Ionic compounds generally form between what?

Answer 32

metals and nonmetals

Question 33

What is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 33

A group of atoms that is covalently bonded, | and yet still has a charge, is a polyatomic ion.

Question 34

Writing chemical formulas:

Answer 34

Because compounds are electrically neutral, one can determine the formula of a compound this way: – The charge on the cation becomes the subscript on the anion. – The charge on the anion becomes the subscript on the cation. – If these subscripts are not in the lowest whole-number ratio, divide them by the greatest common factor.

Question 35

Naming of binary metal-nonmetal compounds

Answer 35

First: name of cation(metal) then the name of the anion(nonmetal) with the end replaced with -ide KI: Potassium Iodide

Question 36

Polyatomic ion compounds:

Answer 36

Cation then anion

Question 37

Binary compound between 2 nonmetals

Answer 37

First: nonmetal nearest to a metal then the ion name(-ide) of the 2nd nonmetal use greek prefixes for both, (except mono for first nonmetal) mono, di, tri, tetra,penta,hexa,hepta,octa,nona,deca prefixes are not used when hydrogen is one of the elements

Question 38

Diatomic molecules?

Answer 38

Br,I,N,Cl,H,O,F