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PSYC 203 > [Ch.2] Theories of Personality > Flashcards

[Ch.2] Theories of Personality Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Personality

A

A collection of a person’s consistent behavioural traits

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2
Q

Openness to experience

A

Curiosity, flexibility, imaginativeness, artistic, tolerant of ambiguity, unconventional attitudes

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3
Q

Conscientiousness

A

Disciplined, well-organised, punctual, dependable

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4
Q

Extraversion

A

Outgoing, sociable, friendly, assertive

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5
Q

Agreeableness

A

Sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest

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6
Q

Neuroticism

A

Anxious, insecure, impulsive, emotionally unstable, hostile, vulnerable

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7
Q

Higher college/university grades are associated with?
(Big 5)

A

Conscientiousness

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8
Q

What is associated with occupational stress?
(Big 5)

A

Conscientiousness and Extraversion

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9
Q

What trait is associated with less success regarding work?
(Big 5)

A

Neuroticism

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10
Q

_____ predicts social behaviour
(Big 5)

A

Agreeableness

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11
Q

_____ is associated with increased prevalence of mental and physical disorders
(Big 5)

A

Neuroticism

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12
Q

_____ and _____ are associated with decreased prevalence of disorders
(Big 5)

A

Conscientiousness and Agreeableness

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13
Q

Repression

A

Keeping distressing thoughts buried in the unconscious

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14
Q

Projection

A

Attributing one’s thoughts to another person

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15
Q

Displacement

A

Diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from original source to substitute target

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16
Q

Reaction formation

A

Behaving in a way that is opposite to one’s true feelings

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17
Q

Rationalization

A

The creation of false, yet plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behaviour

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18
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to accept the reality of a situation

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19
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling unacceptable urges into acceptable behaviours

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20
Q

What are Freud’s psychosexual stages?

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

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21
Q

Oral stage (Freud)

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A

(age 0-1)
[mouth - sucking, biting]
Weaning

22
Q

Anal stage (Freud)

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A

(age 2-3)
[anus - expelling or retaining feces]
Toilet training

23
Q

Phallic stage (Freud)

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A

(age 4-5)
[gentials - discovering body parts]
Oedipal complex

24
Q

Latency stage (Freud)

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A

(age 6-12)
[no erotic focus - sexually repressed]
Expanding social contacts, learning

25
Genital stage (Freud)
(puberty onward) [genitals - sexual interest, peers] Establishing intimate relationships, contributing to society through working
26
What did Jung do
Emphasized the role of the unconscious in determining personality - split unconscious into two layers (analytical psychology)
27
Personal unconscious
Repressed material from one's past, complexes - one's thoughts and attitudes related to particular concepts
28
Collective unconscious
Storehouse of memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past, shared with the entire human race
29
What did Adler do
According to Adler, the most important human drive was not sexuality, but striving for superiority - universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life's challenges (individual psychology)
30
Behaviourism
A theoretical orientation based on the premise that psychology should only study observable behaviour
31
Little Albert experiment
Phobia of rats conditioned in little Albert - white rate paired with loud noise
32
Classical conditioning
A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus
33
Operant conditioning
A form of learning in which rewards and punishments (i.e. consequences) act to modify voluntary behaviours
34
Positive reinforcement
A response is strengthened because it's followed by a pleasant stimulus
35
Negative reinforcement
A response is strengthened because it's followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
36
Positive punishment
A response is weakened because it's followed by an unpleasant stimulus
37
Negative punishment
A response is weakened because it's followed by the removal of a pleasant stimulus
38
What did Bandura do
Social cognitive theory - in addition to learning through classical and operant conditioning, we also learn through imitation
39
Observational learning
Occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others (i.e. models)
40
Humanism
A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their free will and their potential for personal growth
41
What did Rogers do
Person-centred theory - focused on a person's subjective point of view (goal was to get the person in touch with their true self) | (self concept)
42
Self-concept
A collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behaviour
43
Incongruence
The disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience
44
Congruence
When one's self-concept reflects one's experience/is reasonably accurate
45
Conditional love
Dependent on the child meeting behavioural expectations (fosters incongruence)
46
Unconditional love
Has no dependent conditions (fosters congruence)
47
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
A systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic ones (leads to self-actualization, realisation of potential)
48
What are the three types of perfectionism
Self-oriented perfectionism Other-oriented perfectionism Socially-prescribed perfectionism
49
Self-oriented perfectionism
Setting very high standards for oneself and making overly critical evaluations of oneself, attending to perceived flaws
50
Other-oriented perfectionism
Imposing demands for perfection on others - domineering, hypocritical, hostile in interpersonal relationships
51
Socially-prescribed perfectionism
One's belief that others require perfection from them, pursue high standards to meet perceived demands of others

PSYC 203 (7 decks)

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