Ch.25 - Vocabulary quiz

Question 1

a fenced-in field created by wealthy British landowners from previously “common” land worked by village farmers (or the movement to create more such fenced-in fields)

Answer 1

enclosure

Question 2

energy sources such as coal, oil and natural gas which were formed over centuries from the remains of plants and animals buried under rock and which fueled the economic growth of the industrial revolution

Answer 2

fossil fuels

Question 3

the development of industries for the machine production of goods; put another way, the transition from manufacturing goods by hand in small shops to the mass production of goods in factories

Answer 3

industrialization

Question 4

a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods

Answer 4

factory

Question 5

cloth or fabric; the first industry to industrialize during the Industrial Revolution

Answer 5

textiles

Question 6

the growth of cities and the migration of people into them from more rural areas

Answer 6

urbanization

Question 7

a social class made up primarily of skilled workers, professionals and business owners; they demand political change in the French Revolution, and they lead the big changes of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 7

bourgeoisie / aka the middle class

Question 8

a social class of non-property-owning laborers which emerged during the Industrial Revolution as poor peasants moved to cities and went to work in factories

Answer 8

proletariat / aka the working class

Question 9

the idea that governments should not inerfere with or regulate private business decision making

Answer 9

laissez-faire

Question 10

a share in the ownership of a business known as a corporation

Answer 10

Stock

Question 11

A business owned by stock holders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.

Answer 11

Corporation

Question 12

An economic system in which private individuals own the means of production and make their own decisions about how they use economic resources

Answer 12

Capitalism

Question 13

an economic system in which the means of production are owned or regulated by the public and managed for the benefit of all in the society

Answer 13

socialism

Question 14

an association of workers, formed to collectively bargain with business owners for better working conditions or higher wages

Answer 14

union

Question 15

to refuse to work to force an employer to meet certain demands

Answer 15

strike

Question 16

the idea that individuals should have absolute (or near absolute) freedom to manage their own property and make economic decisions for themselves

Answer 16

capitalism

Question 17

the idea that economic resources should be regulated by society as a whole and that the society should own and manage important industries for the benefit of all in the society

Answer 17

socialism

Question 18

the economic theory in which all businesses are owned by the government and planned and run for the benefit of all-sometimes represented by this saying: “from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs”

Answer 18

communism

Question 19

the philosophy which judges all governments for their usefulness in promoting the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Answer 19

utilitarianism

Question 20

(person) described the importance of free trade {capitalism} in his book, The Wealth of Nations

Answer 20

Adam Smith

Question 21

(person) advocated a global revolution of the working class in the Communist Manifesto

Answer 21

Karl Marx

Question 22

an agricultural movement in Great Britain which pushed small farmers off their land into the cities where they formed a pool of ready laborers that helped the industrial revolution succeed

Answer 22

enclosure movement

Question 23

woven cloth, the production of which was mechanized at the beginning of the industrial revolution

Answer 23

textiles

Question 24

A pre-industrial innovation that made weavers more productive and created the need for more cotton production

Answer 24

Flying shuttle

Question 25

An innovative device that did the work of 20 people in turning raw cotton into thread

Answer 25

Spinning jenny

Question 26

A machine for weaving cloth, powered by a steam engine

Answer 26

Power loom

Question 27

A machine that burned coal to heat water which produced steam to drive a piston supplying power

Answer 27

Steam engine

Question 28

a boat powered by a steam engine

Answer 28

Steamboat

Question 29

A steam-powered engine that pulls cars along steel tracks

Answer 29

Railroad locomotive

Question 30

Crowded multi-story apartment buildings which housed the urban working class

Answer 30

Tenement

Question 31

A large social class that grew during the Industrial Revolution and included lawyers, doctors, business professionals whose wealth was measured not in land but in skills and money

Answer 31

Bourgeoisie

Question 32

The social class which owned little property or money but whose economic value was in its labor

Answer 32

Proletariat

Question 33

The rising middle class that asserted its political might during the French Revolution and similarly asserted its economic power during the Industrial Revolution

Answer 33

Middle class

Question 34

the lowest class of society which according to Marxist thought was exploited by the more powerful industry owning bourgeoisie

Answer 34

Working class

Question 35

An organization formed by workers to negotiate collectively on their behalf with business owners for better pay and working conditions

Answer 35

Labor union

Question 36

One of the principal inventors of the steam engine

Answer 36

James Watt

Question 37

Invented the Clermont, the first commercial steamboat that traveled up the Hudson River

Answer 37

Robert Fulton

Question 38

The birthplace of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 38

Great Britain

Question 39

Not the first country to industrialize, but the leading industrial power by the end of the 19th century

Answer 39

United States

Question 40

A European country that sought to copy the industrial successes of earlier innovators and became a leading industrial power

Answer 40

Germany

Question 41

A book advocating free competition as the key to economic development

Answer 41

The Wealth of Nations

Question 42

written by Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels, this book explained that history had put that bourgeoisie in charge, but that revolution of the proletariat was inevitable

Answer 42

Communist Manifesto