CH.26

Question 1

Mineral

Answer 1

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

Question 2

streak

Answer 2

color of a mineral in powdered form

Question 3

cleavage

Answer 3

when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

Question 4

fracture

Answer 4

minerals that break with irregular surfaces

Question 5

hardness

Answer 5

physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching

Question 6

magma

Answer 6

molten rock material inside earth

Question 7

what are the two most abundant elements in earths crust

Answer 7

silicon and oxygen

Question 8

a mineral is

Answer 8

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with crystalline form

Question 9

what does inorganic mean

Answer 9

materials that are not living

Question 10

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral

Answer 10

the way it breaks,how hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has

Question 11

what are all of the ways to identify minerals

Answer 11

luster,streak,cleavage,and fracture,hardness,crystal shape

Question 12

what are the two types of luster

Answer 12

metallic and nonmetallic

Question 13

how does metallic luster reflect light

Answer 13

very easily metal surface

Question 14

how do you perform a streak test

Answer 14

you rub a mineral across on an unglazed porcelain tile

Question 15

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

Question 16

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral

Answer 16

Mohs

Question 17

what is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness

Answer 17

1-10

Question 18

how many different crystal shape systems are there

Question 19

minerals grow from the

Question 20

what are the 3 ways minerals can form

Answer 20

hot water,molten rock,evaporation

Question 21

what are two mineral groups

Answer 21

silicates and non silicates

Question 22

which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust

Answer 22

silacate

Question 23

what elements are silicates made up of

Question 24

Nonsilicates do not contain what element

Answer 24

silicon

Question 25

what mineral is used to make glass

Answer 25

quartz

Question 26

Define rock

Question 27

how are rocks identified

Question 28

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock

Question 29

where do intrusive igneous rocks form

Question 30

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from

Question 31

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

Answer 31

bowen's reaction series

Question 32

what are the 3 types of magma

Answer 32

felsic,mafic,intermidiate

Question 33

which magma type has a low silica content

Answer 33

mafic

Question 34

which magma type has a high silica content

Answer 34

felsic

Question 35

which type of crust has an abundent amonut of quartz

Answer 35

continental crust

Question 36

which type of crust has little to no quartz

Answer 36

deep continental or oceanic crust

Question 37

which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture

Answer 37

intrusive igneous rocks

Question 38

which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture

Answer 38

extrusive igneous rocks

Question 39

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly

Answer 39

quickly

Question 40

what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock

Answer 40

vesicular texture and porphyritic texture

Question 41

which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling

Answer 41

vesicular

Question 42

which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates

Answer 42

porphyritic texture

Question 43

what type of rock has a vesicular texture

Answer 43

pumice

Question 44

define clasts

Answer 44

small rocks and mineral fragments

Question 45

what types of erosion are rocks on earths surface exposed to

Answer 45

water, wind, and other forces

Question 46

what does it mean if clasts are being transported

Answer 46

being moved from one location to another

Question 47

what does it mean if clasts are being deposited

Question 48

define pore space

Answer 48

empty spaces between grains

Question 49

define compaction

Answer 49

clasts stick together due to weight

Question 50

define cementation

Answer 50

minerals percipitate slowly out of water

Question 51

how are sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 51

clasts get compacted together and water flows through

Question 52

what is another name for clasts

Answer 52

detruitus

Question 53

what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts

Answer 53

detrital sedimentary rock

Question 54

what is the decreasing size of clasts

Answer 54

graval,sand,silt or clay

Question 55

which clast size would be deposited first

Answer 55

graval

Question 56

what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks

Answer 56

conglomerate,sandstone,siltstone,and shale

Question 57

how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 57

they form from water that contains solids and mineral particpates out of a solution

Question 58

if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called

Answer 58

biochemical sedimentary rocks

Question 59

what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 59

limestone and coal

Question 60

what are 3 types of sedimentary rock

Answer 60

clastic,organic,chemical