ch.26alterationsinbloodproteins Flashcards
(32 cards)
what is the principle measurement of serum or plasma protein by refractometry?
The degree of light refraction of a solution is proportionate to the concentration of solid
What are examples of that falsely increase total protein reading?
-marked hyperlgycemia (>700 mg/dl)
-Azotemia (BUN>300 mg/dL)
Does hemolysis alter refractometer reading of total protein?
No
How do automated analyzers measure serum total protein?
biuert reaction
Immunoelectrophoresis is used for:
quantifying each immunoglobulin subtype (IgG, IgM, etc.) via electrophoresis followed by immunoprecipitation using subtype-specific antibodies
Common causes of panhyperproteinemia-dehydration in horses?
-acute toxic colitis of unknown cause
-acute salmonellosis
-potomac horse fever
-intestinal clostridiosis
-intestinal strangulating obstruction
-proximal enteritis
-gram-negative sepsis, endotoxemia
-botulism
-choking (esophageal obstruction)
Common causes of hyperglobulinemia in horses
abdominal (mesenteric) abscess (including “bastard”strangles
pulmonary abscess
chronic pleuritis
purpura haemorrhagica
Equine infectious anemia
What are less common causes of panhyperproteinemia-dehydration
chronic renal failure
chronic hepatic disease
guttural pouch mycosis with dysphagia
equine protozoal myelitis
salt toxicity
lead toxicity
yellow star thistle poisoning (dysphagia)
Dysphagia of unknown cause
What are less common causes of hyperglobulinemia in horses?
chronic hepatic disease
strongylosis
lymphoma (lymphosarcoma)
immune mediated cytopenia
Common causes of panhyperproteinemia- dehydration in ruminants?
-ruminal acidosis (grain overload)
-abomasal torsion
-acute salmonellosis
-peritonitis
-sepsis, toxemia (mastitis, metritis)
intussusception
-vagal indigestion
- oral or pharyngeal foreign body with dysphagia
-coccidosis
-diarrhea, undifferentiated
-salt toxicity
-toxins, poisonous plants
Common causes of hyperglobulinemia in ruminants?
abdominal abscess (traumatic reticuloperitonitis, uterine tear, other)
chronic pneumonia
umbilical abscess
lymphoma
caseous lymphadenitis (sheep & goats)
other abscess
What are physiologic responses to dehydration?
increased urine concentration
decreased urine output
increased fluid absorption from GIT
increased thirst
polyclonal gammopathy definition
increase in globulins due to production of different immunoglobulins by plasma cell sin response to chronic antigenic stimulation
Hypergammaglobulinemia definition
increased IgG in the gamma-globulin fraction
– seen in range of chornic inflammatory disease: including internal abscessation,chronic heptatitis, immune mediated diseases and lymphoma
monoclonal gammopathy definition
increased production of a single immunoglobulin by a clonal population of B lymphs/plasma cells
Monoclonal gammopathies are most commonly seen in:
neoplasia of B lymphs or plasma cells
—> B cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, B-cell lymphocytic leukemia
Causes of hyperfibrinogenemia in horses:
abscess (abdominal or other)
chronic peritonitis
pleuritis
pneumonia
osteomyelitis
septic arthritis
cholelithiasis
neoplasia with inflammatory response
vasculitis (equine purpura hemorrhagica)
cellulitis
GI inflammation
salmonellosis
Causes of hyperfibrinogenemia in Ruminants
acute mastitis, esp coliform
abscess
traumatic reticuloperitonitis, pericarditis
salmonellosis
GI inflammation
Pyelonephritis
endocarditis
pleuritis
pneumonia
chronic peritonitis
necrotic rumenitis
lymphoma (lymphosarcoma)
septic arthritis
cellulitis
omphalophlebitis
osteomyelitis
Examples of negative acute phase proteins
albumin
trasnferrin
transthyretin (prealbumin)
apoliportein A1
What is ferritin?
an iron storage and transport protein
Albumin accounts for what percentage of colloid oncotic pressure?
75%
The synthesis of albumin is controlled by?
plasma colloidal oncotic pressure
Where is albumin produced?
in liver
When does liver disease cause hypoalbuminemia?
chronic diffuse, liver dzes
– chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, hepatic neoplasia
