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ch3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the Metabolic Theories on why we age

A

limited energy in one’s lifetime suggest reducing metabolism will lengthen their life

caloric reduction = live longer

quality of life on extremely restricted diets is a concern

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2
Q

Cellular Theories on why we age

A

Hayflick Limit - limited # of time a cell can divide
- Telomeres and the enzyme Telomerase - not sure their relevance*?

Cross Linking - tissue stiffens w age

Free Radicals - reactice chemicals causing cell damage

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3
Q

evidence is growing that _________ postpone the appearance of age related diseases

A

Antioxidants

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

what is the genetic program theories about how we age

one issue unclear with this is

what other pathologies does this contribute to?

A

says aging is preprogramed into genetic code

does this mean cells are pre-programmed to self-destruct?

Alzheimer’s

Memory Loss

Personality Changes

Changes in Brain Cells

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6
Q

why do we age - implications of the developmental forces

what 4 dev forces?

3 general approaches to slowing/reversing aging

A

Biological
Psychological
Sociocultural
Lifecycle Forces

unified theory not yet developed

ways to slow or reverse aging

Delay the Chronic Illness of old age

Slow Fundamental Processes of aging to increase Life Span

Arrest/Reverse aging by removing the damage caused by Metabolic Process

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7
Q

4 reasons why our skin wrinkles

A

4 step process of thinking (?)
Connectivity loss
Elasticity loss
Decrease in underlying Fat

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8
Q

how to counteract sun exposure on skin include _____

A

SSSW - need to look up what that is

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9
Q

Other skin changes w age

A

Pigment-containing cells decrease

Age spots and Moles

Varicose Veins

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10
Q

cause of Hair loss

A

caused by Destruction of Germ Centers that produce hair follicles

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11
Q

grey hair is caused by

A

Cessation of Pigment Production

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12
Q

gender differences with facial hair and age

what is this caused by

A

males do not lose facial hair

women gain it

caused by hormonal changes of the Climacteric

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13
Q

4 differences between young and old voices

A

lowering of pitch

increased breathlessness and trembling

slower and less pronounced pronunciation

lower volume

japanese vs american women?
Normative changes or poor health?

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14
Q

Height

when does it decrease
how much do men vs women lose

__ compresses
changes in _____

A

decreases between mid 50s and mid 70s

men - 1 inch, women - 2 inches

compression of spine and changes in posture

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15
Q

weight gain and loss through age

difference w men and women

A

middle years - weight gain

need to see on notes to get diff between men and women

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16
Q

changes in mobility with age - muscles and balance

strength loss - age70 __% and age 80 __%

men vs women

___________ contributes to more loss of balance

A

age 70 - up to 20%
age 80 - up to 40%

no diff between men and women

Lower Body Muscles contributes of increased loss of balance

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17
Q

bone loss with age

begins when, accelerates when, slows when

gender differences

what is the leading cause of broken bones in older Women

A

loss begins in late 30s
accelerates in 50s
slows in 70s

need to see notes and learn gender differences

leading cause: Osteoporosis

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18
Q

2 common joint conditions that come with age

A

OsteoArthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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19
Q

what is climacteric

A

period of life starting from the decline in ovarian activity until after the end of ovarian function

According to the definition, the period includes peri-menopause, menopause and post-menopause

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20
Q

recommended calcium and vitamin d intakes

A

calcium ranges from 1000-1200 through ages 50-70

vitamin D ranges from 400-800, to 800-1000 same ages

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21
Q

visual diff between healthy join, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

A

get photo using iphone app

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22
Q

slide 17 - chart that shows which risk factors are in place for Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Study These Flashcards
A

study - see if it is testable

23
Q

Psychological Implications of these bone and joint conditions

gender diffs

Study These Flashcards
A

gender diff - Compensation for Loss

women - cosmetics, hair dye, surgery

men - increasing use by men ?

24
Q

slide 18 - Appearance vs actual Loss in Strength and Endurance

Study These Flashcards
A

exercise and resistance training

pain in joints may reduce mobility

loss of independence

rehabilitation after hip fracture

25
4 effects of Structural Changes in the eye
Adaption - light and dark Presbyopia Cataracts Glaucome
26
2 effects of Retinal Changes in Eye
Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy
27
4 Psychological changes of Eye loss/changes
Loss of activities - reading, tv, driving Personality change - extraversion, + emotions ? Increase in vulnerability to falling Corrective actions - glasses, surgery (cataracts), corrective environmental changes
28
Hearing loss damage to __ _______, _______ effects 5 social effects of hearing loss
due to loud environments, cumulative effects Independence loss, Isolation, Irritation, Paranoia, Depression
29
3 mechanisms for hearing loss
Analog hearing aid - mold on outer ear, sends sound through tube to microphone, microphone sends sound to an Amplifier which enhances sound and sends it to the receiver, receiver sends amplified sound to ear Digital hearing aid - similar to analog, but use directional microphone to control flow of sound. tech allows volume control. microchips allow programming for diff situation. tech allows multiple channels to deliver sound w varying amplification Cochlear Implant - implants do not make sound louder, rather itis a series of components. microphone picks up sound, digitized by microchips turned into coded signals, broadcasted by FM radio signals to electrodes that are inserted in ear. electrodes stimulate auditory nerve fibers directly
30
24 - 2 aspects of Somatosensory System
Temp Regulation and Pain Sensitivity
31
Balance - ___ of adults fall what forms of training can aid balance 3 neg balance effects
1/3 of adults fall Tai Chi, Wii Fit VR simulations vestibular system, dizziness, vertigo
32
what is lost in taste with age what does this put one at risk for
greater loss in Sour and Bitter tastes risk of Malnutrition
33
Loss of smell memory diff's between ___ and other ___ _______ negative effects of smell loss
memory diff's between Odors and other Memory Cues (alzheimer's) Reduced pleasure in eating, hygiene may suffer, safety factors
34
2 underlying causes of ___ ____ in Cardiovascular System
Accumulation of Fat Deposits Stiffening of Heart Muscle
35
what leads to less decline in Aerobic Capacity - also less threat of ________
staying in good shape leads to less decline and less threat of heart attacks during moderate physical tasks (snow shoveling)
36
ethnic and gender differences in Cardiovascular Diseases
more men get it in middle adulthood than women later adulthood men and women = likely to get it higher rates w African Americans and Native Americans
37
2 causes of Congestive Heart Failure
Angina and Myocadial Infarction what is angina pectoris
38
what is AtheroSclerosis
slide 27 - need to look up Cerebrovascular Accident and Hypertension higher rates of hypertension in african americans
39
young heart at rest vs during hard exercise
at rest - at start of heart beat at rest, at end of heart beat at rest during hard exercise, size at start of heartbeat is the same as the rest, size at end of heart beat is smaller than the rest
40
old heart at rest vs during hard exercise
at rest - at start of heart beat at rest, end of heart beat at rest during hard exercise - size at start of heartbeat is larger than the rest, size at end of heart beat is same as at rest
41
visual - normal artery vs narrowing artery
normal artery is clear for blood to flow through narrower artery has a build of plaque that narrows the flow - leads to abnormal blood flow
42
what is respiratory disease COPD __ ____ is more common w people over 45 __ is common respiratory disease increasing in prevalence __ and __ _contribute to lung damage
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease chronic bronchitis more common w those over 45 asthma is growing in prevalence e-cigs and vaping contribute to lung damage
43
44
Menopause __ diff's in the severity of symptoms loss of __ is related to health conditions 3 treatments
Menopause ▪ Ethnic differences in the severity of symptoms ▪ Loss of estrogen is related to health conditions ▪ Treatments, diet, yoga, and menopausal hormone therapy
45
what is Perimenopause 3 suggested treatments
the time around menopause when your ovaries gradually stop working. natural process that causes physical and emotional symptoms. It does not need treatment, but treatment can help ease symptoms. Treatment includes hormones, antidepressants, and lifestyle changes.
46
menopausal hormone therapy
also called postmenopausal hormone therapy and hormone replacement therapy sometimes used to replace the natural hormones estrogen and progesterone in a woman's body during and after menopause, when levels of these hormones drop
47
in the biological male reproductive system - there is no event to mark reproductive changes as there is in women but there is a decline in ___ and decrease in ___ (__% between 30-60)
decline in testoterone levels decrease in sperm production - 30% between ages 30-60
48
___ cancer is big threat to men as they age ___ ___ is common but treatable
prostate erectile dysfunction is treatable
49
due to worse regulation of autonomic nervous system that comes with age - elders are susceptible to _____ and ___
hypothermia and hyperthermia
50
how does sleep change with age ____ are common how does the circadian rhythm change
nearly every aspect of sleep undergoes age related changes sleep complaints are common the Circadian Rhythm changes - it shifts from a 2Phase to a MultiPhase pattern
51
slide 34 - psychological implications difficulty in thermoregulation is a big threat and requires a __ that provides a ___ good nights sleep is important to maintain ___ ___
difficulty in thermoregulation is a big threat that requires an environment that provides external means of temperature regulation good nights sleep is important for maintaining overall good health need a sleep environment that is maximally conductive to sleeping
52
Hayflick Limit
# of times a cell can divide in its life time
53
What is cross linking - cellular theories on why we age
Tissue stiffens as we age
54
What are Free Radicals - cellular theories of how we age
Reactive chemicals that cause cell damage

Aging (5 decks)

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