CH3 Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards by Jesse Rennie

In keeping with what you know about how the PANS and SANS systems interact with one another, it is reasonsable to assume that an agonist PANS drug would mimic the effects of the PANS system.

What is this type of drug called?

parasympathomimetics

(para-sympatho-mim-etics)

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Many organs receive _____ PANS and SANS innervation. In most instances, actions produced are _____.

both; opposite

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One of the most common patient care consideration with the use of antihypertensives is orthostatic hypotension.

True

False

True

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During parasympathetic activation ______ GI motility and digestion occurs.

increased

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Trimatine

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Which body system is concerned with conserving body processes.

This system builds the body’s energy storage and turns food into energy.

PANS = ‘Rest and digest’

Remember: Panama Canal or Don’t Panic

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During parasympathetic activation the hair is _____.

relaxed

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During parasympathetic activation ______ GI secretions occur.

increased

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During parasympathetic activation blood vessels in skin and mucosa are kept ______.

normal

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During parasympathetic activation the sweat production is ________.

decreased

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What is an example of a SANS drug that treats asthma?

Albuterol

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Stimulating beta-2 receptors ONLY would result in which of the following?
A) increased heart rate
B) increased myocardial contraction
C) bronchodilation
D) uterine contraction
E) none

C) bronchodilation

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What type of Autonomic drug wouold you use to treat the following?

-Treatment of serious xerostomia, such as that in a person with Sjögren’s syndrome.

(Medication:Salagen, Evoxac)

-Treatment of urinary retention.

(Medication: Urecholine)

-Treatment of glaucoma; produce miosis.

(Medication: Isopto-carpine)

PANS Agonists

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A SANS agonist produces the ______ effect of PANS.

opposite

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During parasympathetic activation clotting factors and endorphins _______.

not released

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During parasympathetic activation bronchial smooth muscle and bronchioles are relatively __________

constricted

(bronchoconstriction)

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Receptors which we target for drug use in the SANS are labeled “adrenergic”

True

False

True

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Why are many drugs formulated to target the PANS or SANS?

The predictability of the systems are ideal when predicting how a medication might work.

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Which is NOT an expected effect of SANS reaction?
A) constricted pupils
B) increased respiration
C) increased heart rate
D) decreased salivation

A) constricted pupils

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Parasympatholytic agents may also be referred to adrenergic antagonists

True

False

False

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Stimulating beta-2 receptors ONLY would result in which of the following?
A) increased salivation
B) decreased BP
C) bronchodilation
D) decreased heart rate

C) bronchodilation

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Receptors which we target for drug use in the PANS are labeled “nicotinic cholinergic”

True

False

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Alpha 1 -adrenergic receptors facilitates _____ and pupil ______.

vasoconstriction; dilation

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PANS antagonists causes everything to _____

dry out

xerostomia
urinary/gastrointestnal stasis
fever
blured vision

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Patient has bronchial asthma, what drug will yuou use to treat them?

SANS agonist While use of a SANS agonist will trigger overall SANS response, a condition that might cause death, such as asthma, makes a SANS agonist justifiable.

Many organs receive both PANS and SANS innervation. In most instances, actions produced are \_\_\_\_\_.

opposite

**Stimulation of alpha 1-receptors results in vasoconstriction in skin and mucous membranes.** **True** **False**

**True**

**Alpha 2 -adrenergic receptors inhibits the ______ of norepinephrine.**

**release**

PANS =

Constriction

**The technical name for a SANS agonist is sympatho\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The effects of this drug type is just like the SANS system.**

**sympatho**_mimetics_****

SANS =

DILATION

**The technical name for a PANS antagonist is parasympatho\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This drug type blocks the effects of the PANS system.**

**parasympatho**_lytics_****

**An example of an autonomic signaling modifier is a _________ inhibitor which promotes vasodilation in the corpus cervernosum. It therapeutic consideration is for the treatment of \_\_\_\_\_\_**\_\_.

**PDE-5; erectile disfunction (ED)**

In keeping with what you know about how the PANS and SANS systems interact with one another, it is reasonsable to assume that an antagonist SANS drug would block the effects of the SANS system. What is this type of drug called?

sympatholytics *(sympatho-lytics)*

During parasympathetic activation there is ______ production of adipose and fat tissue.

increased

**During transmission, the post receptor for the SANS system is the ______ receptor.**

**adrenergic** **hint: never use a nicotinic drug**

**Salagen is a parasympathetic drug taken to treat xerostomia that causes multiple side effects. Which of the following would describe this drug?** **A) Parasympathetic agonist** **B) Parasympathetic antagonist** **C) Sympathetic agonist** **D) Sympathetic antagonist.**

**A) Parasympathetic agonist**

During parasympathetic activation respiration rate is adjust from normal to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

decreased

The _______ functions largely as an automatic modulating system for many bodily functions

Autonomic Nervous System

During sympathetic activation breakdown of adipose tissue is \_\_\_\_\_\_.

increased

If a tissue receives both innervations, the response at any one time will be _____ to the sum of the excitatory and inhibitory influences of the two divisions.

equal

During sympathetic activation GI secretions are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

decreased

**Sympathomimetic agents instilled into the eye produce miosis (pupil constriction). True** **False**

**False**

**Which of the following would be an expected effect of an alpha 1- agonist? A) dilation of blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes. B) constriction of blood vessels in skeletal muscle C) contraction of bronchial smooth muscle D) relaxation of the GI smooth muscle E) none of the above**

**E) none of the above**

**The technical name for a PANS agonist is parasympatho\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The effects of this drug type is just like the PANS system.**

**parasympatho**_mimetics_****

**Beta blockers mask the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.** **True** **Fasle**

**True**

**PANS Antagonists, Think “\_\_\_\_\_\_”**

**Anti-SLUD**

**SLUD MEANS**

* **Salivation** * **Lacrimation** * **Urination** * **Defecation**

The _________ controls the regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, gastrointestinal tract motility, salivary gland secretions, and bronchial smooth muscle activity.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

**Parasympathomimetic agents instilled into the eye produce mydriasis.** **True** **False**

**False**

Stimulation of the PANS, such as when resting and digesting , produces which of the following effects? A) increased salivation B) increased BP C) bronchodilation D) increased heart rate E) none

A) increased salivation

The ____ is deigned to cope with sudden emergencies. When this system is activated, the GI system shuts down and stored energy is burned.

Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System (SANS)

During sympathetic activation the respiration rate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

increases

A SANS antagonist is _____ to control with less adverse effects. This is because it has the ability to target a specific system without impacting all SANS systems.

easier

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a SANS neurotransmitter that is released from the synaptic vessicles at the postsynaptic junction with the neuroeffector organ.

Norepinephrine

During sympathetic activation sphincters become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

contracted

**In keeping with what you know about how the PANS and SANS systems interact with one another, it is reasonsable to assume that an agonist SANS drug would block the effects of the SANS system.** **What is this type of drug called?**

**sympathomimetics** ***(sympatho-mimetics)***

During sympathetic activation sweat production is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

increased

**Beta 1 receptors stimulate the ______ force and rate of cardiac contraction, as well as ______ glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis on the metabolism**

**increased; increased**

In keeping with what you know about how the PANS and SANS systems interact with one another, it is reasonsable to assume that an antagonist PANS drug would block the effects ofthe PANS system. What is this type of drug called?

parasympatholytics *(para-sympatho-lytics)*

When a drug is an antagonist ________ activation occurs.

focused

**Receptors which we target for drug use in PANS are labeled muscarinic.** **True** **False**

**True**

What drug treats xerostomia?

Salogen

Dialated pupils, blood vessels and bronchodialation all occur as a response to the activation of the \_\_\_\_.

SANS

An antagonists ____ one system, while leaving other unopposed.

block

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a SANS neurotransmitter that is released from adrenal medulla into blood. This neurotransmitter is dominant in the flight or fight syndrome.**

**Epinephrine (also called Adrenaline)**

During transmission, the post receptor for the PANS system is the ______ receptor.

Muscarinic

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ drugs facilitate effects on blood vessels in skin/mucosa, produces vasoconstriction. It also facilitate pupil dilation.**

**Alpha-1**

During parasympathetic activation the pupils will become relatively \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

constricted

During parasympathetic activation blood vessels in skeletal muscles are relatively \_\_\_\_\_\_

constricted

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ drugs affect the cardiac muscle. This is done through ______ causing an increased force and rate of cardiac. contraction.** **This type of drug also stimulates _______ through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (hyperglycemia).**

**Beta 1; stimulation: metabolism** **(you have 1 heart)**

During sympathetic activation _______ of bronchial smooth muscle and ______ of bronchioles occurs.

relaxation; dilation (bronchodilation)

A dose of a drug that kills 50% of experimental animals is termed A) ED50. B) minimally effective dose. C) LD50. D) therapeutic index.

C) LD50. ## Footnote *By definition, the LD50 is the median lethal dose, that is, a dose level that leads to death in 50% of the animals tested. ED50 is the median effective dose, a dose that produces a therapeutic effect in 50% of the subjects tested. A minimally effective dose should not cause death unless death is the desired endpoint. In this case, the incidence of death should be lower to be designated minimal. The therapeutic index is the ratio of LD50 to ED50.*

When a drug is an agonist ________ activation occurs.

systemic

During sympathetic activation hair \_\_\_\_\_\_.

stands on end

The technical name for a SANS antagonist is sympatho\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This drug type is blocks the effects of the SANS system.

sympatho**lytics**

During parasympathetic activation _______ saliva production occurs.

increased

**\_\_\_\_\_\_ drugs effect the lungs. This type of drug works to stimulate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, as well as the blood vessels in skeletal muscle (vasodialation).**

**Beta 2 drugs; bronchodilation** **(you have 2 lungs)**

During sympathetic activation pupils \_\_\_\_\_.

dilate (become wider)

During sympathetic activation glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis is \_\_\_\_\_\_.

increased

When you hear the word PANS you should associated it with \_\_\_\_.

Muscarinic

During parasympathetic activation glycogen production is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

increased

True or False The PANS and SANS systems are automatic.

True

During sympathetic activation blood vessels in skin and mucosa \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

constrict

During sympathetic activation blood vessels in skeletal muscles \_\_\_\_\_.

dilated

**PANS antagonist, THINK "\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_"**

**Anti-SLUD** * **Anti-Salivation** * **Anti-Lacrimation** * **Anti-Urination** * **Anti-Defecation**

During sympathetic actvation GI motility and tone is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_; and there is _________ digestion.

relaxed; decreased

**One of the adverse effects of beta-1 blockers is dry cough, which may be worsened by placing the patient in the supine position. True** **False**

**False**

During sympathetic activation the heart beats \_\_\_\_and \_\_\_\_\_.

stronger; faster

During sympathetic activation clotting factors and endorphins are \_\_\_\_\_\_.

released

**Epinephrine should never be used in patients taking beta blockers.** **True** **False**

**False**

**PANS Agonists, Think “\_\_\_\_\_”**

**SLUD** * **Salivation** * **Lacrimation** * **Urination** * **Defecation**

During parasympathetic activation ______ of sphincters to produce defecation and urination occurs.

relaxation

**Beta 2 receptors facilitate ______ lung bronchodilation and _____ blood vessel dilation (vasodilation).**

**increased; increased**

Stimulation of the SANS, such as during a flight or flight situation produces which of the following effects? A) increased salivation B) increased BP C) bronchoconstriction D) decreased heart rate E) none

B) increased BP

During parasympathetic activation the heart beat is \_\_\_\_\_.

slower

Name three drugs that treat erectile disfunction.

**Sildenafil (Viagra)** **Vardenafil (Levitra)** **Tadalafil (Cialis)**

**Name five pharmacologic effects of a SANS agonist.**

**Vasoconstriction** **Bronchodilation** **increased cardiac _force_ and _rate_ of contraction** **increased metabolic rate** **CNS stimulation**

**Stimulating the CNS is involved in the treatment of ADHD. Name two drugs that could be used.**

**methylphenidate (Ritalin)** **amphetamine (Adderall)**

CH3 Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

(99 cards)