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CSCS TEST > ch3 bioenergetics of exercise and training > Flashcards

ch3 bioenergetics of exercise and training Flashcards

1
Q

bioenergetics def

A

the flow of energy in a biological system

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2
Q

bioenergetics is primarily concerned with…

A

the conversion of carbohydrate, protein, and fats into biologically usable forms of energy

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3
Q

the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules associated with the release of energy is called…

A

catabolism

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4
Q

the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules can be accomplished using using energy from…

A

catabolic reactions

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5
Q

they sythesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules is called…

A

anabolism

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6
Q

exergonic reactions are

A

energy releasing reactions and are generally catabolic

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7
Q

endergonic reactions require energy and include…

A

anabolic processes and muscle contraction

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8
Q

metabolism is the…

A

total of all the catabolic /exergonic and anabolic / endergonic reactions in a biological system

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9
Q

energy derived from catabolic / exergonic reactions is used to…

A

drive anabolic / endergonic reactions through an intermediary molecule, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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10
Q

ATP allows the transfer of energy from ….

A

exergonic to endergonic reactions

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11
Q

ATP is composed of…

A

adenosine

3 phosphate groups

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12
Q

adenosine is the combenation of…

A

adenine (nitrogen containing base)

ribose (five carbon sugar)

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13
Q

the breakdown of one molecule of ATP to yield energy is known as…

A

hydrolysis (because it requires one molecule of water)

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14
Q

myosin ATPase is the

A

enzyme that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis for crossbridge recycling

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15
Q

calcium ATPase is the enzyme that

A

catalyzes ATP hydrolysis for pumping calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

the energy released primarily from ATP and secondarily from ADP results in…

A

biological work

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17
Q

ATP is classified as a …

A

high energy molecule

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18
Q

muscle cells store a —– amount of ATP

A

limited

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19
Q

what are the three basic energy systems to replenish ATP?

A

phosphagen system

glycolysis

oxidative system

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20
Q

anaerobic processes…

A

do not require the presence of oxygen

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21
Q

aerobic processes require the presence of

A

oxygen

22
Q

the phosphagen and glycolytic systems are …

A

anaerobic mechanisms

23
Q

phosphagen and glycolysis occure in

A

the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell

24
Q

the Krebs cycle, electron transport, and the rest of the oxidative system occur in

A

the mitochondria of muscle cells

25
Q

of the three macronutrients, only carbohydrates can be …

A

metabolized for energy without the direct involvement of oxygen

26
Q

carbohydrate is critical during what kind of metabolism?

A

anaerobic

27
Q

all three energy systems are active…

A

at any given time

28
Q

the magnitude of contribution of each energy system to overall work performance is primarily and secondarily dependent on…

A

primarily dependent on INTENSITY OF ACTIVITY and secondarily dependent on THE DURATION OF THE ACTIVITY

29
Q

the phosphagen system provides ATP primarily for…

A

short term, high intensity activities

  • resistance training
  • sprinting
30
Q

the phosphagen system is highly active at the start of…

A

all exercise regardless of intensity

31
Q

the phosphagen system relies on the hydrolysis of ATP and the breakdown of

A

creatine phosphate

32
Q

creatine phosphate is a

A

high energy molecule

33
Q

another name for creatine phosphate (CP)

A

phosphocreatine (PCr)

34
Q

the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from CP and ADP

A

creatine kinase

35
Q

creatine phospate supplies a ——that combines with ADP to replenish ATP

A

phosphate group

36
Q

creatine phosphate is stored in —- amounts, so cannot be the primary —

A

small

energy source for continuous, long duration activities

37
Q

the body stores how much ATP at any given time?

A

80-100 g (about 3 ounces)

38
Q

ATP stores cannot be completely depleated due to

A

the necessity for basic cellular function

39
Q

under normal circumstances, skeletal muscle concentrations of CP are —–higher than ATP concentrations

A

4-6 x

40
Q

type 2 muscle fibers contain a higher concentration of —-than type 1

A

creatine phosphate (CP)

41
Q

adenylate kinase, myokinase is an

A

enzyme that, like creatine phosphate, can rapidly replenish ATP

—-> ATP + AMP

42
Q

AMP, a product of adenylate kinase, is important because

A

it is a powerful stimulant of glycolysis

43
Q

the reactions of the phosphagen system are largely controlled by…

A

the law of mass action (the mass action effect)

44
Q

what is the law of mass action (the mass action effect)?

A

the concentrations of reactants or products (or both) in solution will drive the direction of the reactions.

45
Q

how does the law of mass action affect the phosphagen system?

A

as ATP is hydrolyzed to yield energy, there is a transient increase in ADP and P concentrations in the sarcolema…

this will increase the rate of the creatine kinase and adenylate kinase reaction to replenish the ATP supply

46
Q

glycolysis is the…

A

breakdown of carbohydrates - either glycogen stored in teh muscle or glucose delivered in the blood - to resynthesize ATP

47
Q

the process of glycolysis involves ——, so is not as rapid as the single-step phosphagen system

A

multiple enzyme reactions

48
Q

glycolysis vs phosphagen system ability to produce ATP

A

glycolysis has a much higher capacity to produce ATP due to the large availability of glycogen and glucose as compared to CP

49
Q

glycolysis occurs in the

A

sarcoplasm

50
Q

—–is the end result of glycolysis

A

pyruvate

51
Q

pyruvate may proceed in one of two directions…

A

1) pyruvate can be converted to lactate in the sarcoplasm
2) pyruvate can be shuttled into the mitochondria

52
Q
A

CSCS TEST (3 decks)

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