Ch3 Powerpoint

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Any substance that has mass and occupies volume

Question 2

What three states does matter exist in?

Answer 2

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 3

What is the Kinetic-Molecular Theory for Solids?

Answer 3

The particles of matter are tightly packed together and have the least energy of the three states of matter

Question 4

What is the Kinetic-Molecular Theory for liquids?

Answer 4

Particles of matter are loosely packed and are free to move past one another.
Liquids have less energy than gases but more energy than solids

Question 5

What is the Kinetic-Molecular Theory for gases?

Answer 5

The particles of matter are far apart, uniformly distributed throughout the container
Have the most energy

Question 6

Describe the shape, volume, and compressibility of solids

Answer 6

Shape - fixed
Volume - fixed
Compressibility - cannot be compressed

Question 7

Describe the shape, volume, and compressibility of liquids

Answer 7

Shape - variable
Volume - fixed
Compressibility - cannot be compressed

Question 8

Describe the shape, volume, and compressibility of gases

Answer 8

Shape - variable
Volume - variable
Compressability - compressable

Question 9

Melting

Answer 9

Solid -> Liquid (Temperature increase)

Question 10

Freezing

Answer 10

Liquid -> Solid
(Temperature Decrease)

Question 11

Vaporizing

Answer 11

Liquid -> gas
(Temperature increases)

Question 12

Condensing

Answer 12

Gas -> Liquid
(Temperature decreases)

Question 13

Sublimation

Answer 13

Solid -> Gas
(Temperature increases)

Question 14

Deposition

Answer 14

Gas -> Solid
(Temperature decreases)

Question 15

What two classes can matter be divided into?

Answer 15

Mixtures and Pure Substances

Question 16

Mixtures

Answer 16

Physical blend of two or more substances; can be physically separated into its component substances

Question 17

Pure Substances

Answer 17

Composed of only one substance and /cannot/ be physically separated

Question 18

What are the two types of mixtures?

Answer 18

Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures

Question 19

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Answer 19

Do not have uniform properties throughout (Think sand and water)

Question 20

Homogeneous mixtures

Answer 20

Have uniform properties throughout and are clear (Think salt water)

Question 21

What are the two types of pure substances?

Answer 21

Compounds and Elements

Question 22

Compounds

Answer 22

Can be chemically separated into individual elements (H2O -> H2 + O)

Question 23

Elements

Answer 23

Cannot be broken down further by chemical reactions
All contained on the periodic table

Question 24

How many natural elements are stable?

Answer 24

81

Question 25

How many elements account for 95%+ of the mass of Earth's crust, water, and atmosphere?

Answer 25

10

Question 26

O

Answer 26

Oxygen

Question 27

Si

Answer 27

Silicone

Question 28

Al

Answer 28

Aluminum

Question 29

Fe

Answer 29

Iron

Question 30

Ca

Answer 30

Calcium

Question 31

Na

Answer 31

Sodium

Question 32

K

Answer 32

Potassium

Question 33

Mg

Answer 33

Magnesium

Question 34

H

Answer 34

Hydrogen

Question 35

Ti

Answer 35

Titanium

Question 36

What is the most common element in both earth's crust and the human body?

Answer 36

Oxygen

Question 37

What is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust?

Answer 37

Silicon

Question 38

What is the second most abundant element in the human body?

Answer 38

Carbon

Question 39

What is the origin of Hydrogen's name?

Answer 39

Greek

Question 40

Where is the name Carbon derived from?

Answer 40

Latin

Question 41

Who is Curium named after?

Answer 41

Marie Curie

Question 42

Chemical Symbol

Answer 42

The abbreviated letters of each element

Question 43

Au

Answer 43

Gold

Question 44

Ag

Answer 44

Silver

Question 45

Cu

Answer 45

Copper

Question 46

Hg

Answer 46

Mercury

Question 47

Al

Answer 47

Aluminum

Question 48

K

Answer 48

Potassium

Question 49

Na

Answer 49

Sodium

Question 50

Cl

Answer 50

Chlorine

Question 51

Sn

Answer 51

Tin

Question 52

Br

Answer 52

Bromine

Question 53

Ca

Answer 53

Calcium

Question 54

O

Answer 54

Oxygen

Question 55

What three classes can elements be divided into?

Answer 55

1. Metals 2. Nonmetals 3. Semimetals/metalloids

Question 56

Define the properties of metals (6)

Answer 56

1. Solid 2. High melting point 3. high densities 4. metallic luster 5. Good conductors (heat and electricity) 6. /Ductile and Malleable/

Question 57

Define the properties of nonmetals (5)

Answer 57

1. Low melting points 2. low densities 3. dull appearance 4. poor conducters (heat and electricity) 5. Not malleable or ductile

Question 58

Semimetals/Metalloids

Answer 58

Typically exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals

Question 59

Atomic/proton number

Answer 59

The number each element is assigned to, arranged accoridng ot that number on the periodic table

Question 60

Describe the placement of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Answer 60

Metals are on the left before the staircase (minus Hydrogen), metalloids are the staircase (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At), and nonmetals are on the right

Question 61

What two elements are liquids at room temperature/25 degrees Celsius?

Answer 61

Hg (Mercury) and Br (Bromine)

Question 62

What metal is a liquid at room temp?

Answer 62

Mercury (Hg)

Question 63

Law of Definite Composition

Answer 63

Compounds always contain the same elements in a constant proportion by mass

Question 64

Molecule

Answer 64

A unit of matter composed of two or more nonmetal atoms

Question 65

Chemical Formula

Answer 65

An expression of the number of atoms of each element in a compound (For example, H2SO4 for sulferic acid)

Question 66

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

Answer 66

H2SO4

Question 67

What is the Chemical Formula for Ethylene glycol?

Answer 67

C2H4(OH)2

Question 68

What is a physical property?

Answer 68

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be seen without changing the chemical composition

Question 69

Give three examples of physical properties

Answer 69

1. appearance 2. melting/boiling points 3. density 4. heat and electricity conductivity 5. solubility 6. physical state

Question 70

Chemical property

Answer 70

Describes its chemical reactions with other substances

Question 71

What types of properties can be observed in pure substances? (2)

Answer 71

Physical and chemical properties

Question 72

Physical change

Answer 72

A change where the chemical composition of the sample does not change (such as changes in physical state or shape)

Question 73

Chemical change

Answer 73

A chemical reaction (the composition of the sample changes)

Question 74

What is evidence of a chemcial change? (4)

Answer 74

1. gas release/bubbles 2. light or release of heat energy 3. a permanent color change 4. formation of a solid (deposition)

Question 75

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Answer 75

The mass of reactants always equals mass of products

Question 76

Who discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Answer 76

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 77

Potential energy (PE)

Answer 77

Stored energy; results from position/composition (The further from Earth's center of gravity, the more PE)

Question 78

Kinetic Energy (KE)

Answer 78

The energy matter has as a result of its motion

Question 79

What substances have kinetic energy/KE?

Answer 79

All substances have KE, regardless of their physical state

Question 80

What forms have the lowest KE?

Answer 80

Solids

Question 81

What forms have the greatest KE?

Answer 81

Gases

Question 82

Temperature

Answer 82

A measure of the average kinetic energy of a system

Question 83

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 83

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another

Question 84

What are the 6 forms of energy?

Answer 84

1. Heat 2. Light 3. Chemical 4. Electrical 5. Mechanical 6. Nuclear

Question 85

In a ... change, energy is transformed from one form to another

Answer 85

Chemical

Question 86

Einstein's theory of relativity (E = mc^2) shows us that...(3)

Answer 86

1. Mass and energy are related 2. Mass and energy can be interchanged (are equal to each other) 3. The total mass and energy in the universe is constant