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OB > Ch32 Labor/Birth Complications (Exam 2 study guide) > Flashcards

Ch32 Labor/Birth Complications (Exam 2 study guide) Flashcards

1
Q

regular uterine contractions along with cervical changes (dilation) occurring between 20 and 37 weeks of pregnancy

A

preterm labor

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2
Q

any birth that occurs between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation

A

preterm birth

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3
Q

birth that occurs between 34 and 36 weeks gestation

A

late preterm birth

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4
Q

birth that occurs before 32 weeks of gestation

the great majority of deaths and most serious morbidity occur to infants born at this time

A

very preterm birth

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5
Q

weight at the time of birth of 2500 g or less

A

low birth weight (LBW)

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6
Q

condition of inadequate fetal growth not necessarily correlated with initiation of labor

A

intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

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7
Q

glycoprotein found in plasma and produced during fetal life
(its reappearance in the cervical mucus during late second and early third trimesters of pregnancy may be related to placental inflammation, which is thought to be one possible cause of spontaneous preterm labor)

A

fetal fibronectins

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8
Q

spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac and leakage of fluid before the completion of 37 weeks gestation most likely occurring as a result of pathogenic weakening of the amniotic membranes by inflammation, stress of uterine contractions, or other factors that cause increased intrauterine pressure

A

preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)

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9
Q

spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac and leakage of amniotic fluid before the onset of labor at any gestational age

A

prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM)

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10
Q

a bacterial infection of the amniotic cavity that is potentially life threatening for the fetus and the woman
(it is the most common maternal complication of PROM)

A

chorioamnionitis

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11
Q

long, difficult, or abnormal labor caused by various conditions associated with the five factors affecting labor

A

dysfunction labor (dystocia)

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12
Q

abnormal uterine activity often experienced by an anxious first-time mother who is having painful, uncoordinated, and frequent contractions that are ineffective in causing cervical dilation and effacement to progress
(they usually occur in the latent phase of the first stage of labor)

A

hypertonic uterine dysfunction
or
primary dysfunctional labor

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13
Q

abnormal uterine activity that usually occurs when a woman initially makes normal progress into the active phase of the first stage of labor but then uterine contractions become weak and inefficient or stop all together

A

hypotonic uterine dysfunction
or
secondary uterine inertia

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14
Q

abnormal labor caused by contractures of the pelvic diameters that reduce the capacity of the bony pelvis, including the inlet, midpelvis, outlet, or any combination of these planes

A

pelvic dystocia

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15
Q

abnormal labor caused by obstruction of the birth passage by an anatomic abnormality other than that involving the bony pelvis
(the obstruction may result from placenta previa, leiomyomas (uterine fibroid tumors), ovarian tumors, or a full bladder or rectum)

A

soft tissue dystocia

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16
Q

abnormal labor caused by fetal anomalies, excessive fetal size, malpresentation, malposition, or multifetal pregnancy

A

fetal dystocia

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17
Q

excessive fetal size

A

macrosomia

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18
Q

abnormal labor caused by excessive fetal size in relation to the size of the maternal pelvis

A 
cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
or
fetopelvic disproportion (FPD)
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19
Q

the most common fetal malposition

A

occipitoposterior

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20
Q

the most common form of malpresentation

A

breech

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21
Q

gestation of twins, triplets, quadruplets, or more

A

multifetal pregnancy

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22
Q

labor pattern that lasts less than 3 hours from the onset of contractions to the time of birth, sometimes resulting from hypertonic uterine contractions that are tetanic (intermittent, irregular, spontaneous) in intensity

A

precipitous labor

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23
Q

attempt to turn the fetus from a breech or shoulder presentation to a vertex presentation for birth by exerting gentle, constant pressure on the abdomen

A

external cephalic version (ECV)

24
Q

observance of a woman and her fetus for a reasonable period of spontaneous active labor (e.g., 4-6hrs) to assess the safety of a vaginal birth for both

A

trial of labor

25
Q

chemical or mechanical initiation of uterine contractions before their spontaneous onset for the purpose of bringing about birth

A

induction of labor

26
Q

rating system used to evaluate the inducibility of the cervix

A

Bishop score

27
Q

the 5 characteristics of the Bishop score

A 
dilation (cm)
effacement (%)
station (cm)
cervical consistency
cervical position
28
Q

artificial ROM often used to induce labor when the cervix is ripe or to augment labor if progress begins to slow

A

amniotomy

29
Q

stimulation of uterine contractions after labor has started spontaneously but unsatisfactory

A

augmentation

30
Q

common methods of augmentation

A

oxytocin infusion

amniotomy

31
Q

hypertonic uterine contractions that are tetanic in intensity

A

uterine tachysystole

32
Q

birth method in which an instrument with two curved blades is used to assist the birth of the fetal head

A

forceps-assisted birth

33
Q

birth method involving the attachment of a vacuum cup to the fetal head using negative pressure

A

vacuum-assisted birth
or
vacuum extraction

34
Q

birth of the fetus through a trans abdominal incision of the uterus

A

cesarean section

35
Q

pregnancy that extends beyond the end of 42 weeks gestation

A

post term, post date, or prolonged

36
Q

uncommon obstetric emergency in which the head of the fetus is born but the anterior shoulder cannot pass under the pubic arch

A

shoulder dystocia

37
Q

two major causes of shoulder dystocia

A

FPD

pelvic abnormalities

38
Q

obstetric emergency in which the umbilical cord lies below the presenting part of the fetus
(it may be occult [hidden] or more commonly frank [visible])

A

umbilical cord prolapse

39
Q

nonsurgical disruption of all the uterine layers

it is a rare but life-threatening obstetric injury occurring during labor and birth

A

rupture of the uterus

40
Q

major risk factors for uterus rupture

A

scarred uterus

usually occurs during TOLBAC

41
Q

obstetric emergency in which amniotic fluid enters the maternal circulation triggering a rapid, complex series of pathophysiologic events leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hypotension, and hypoxia

A

amniotic fluid embolism (AFE)
or
anaphylactoid syndrome

42
Q

an antenatal glucocorticoid administered intramuscularly to accelerate fetal lung maturation when there is risk for preterm birth
(its use results in an increase in the production and release of surfactant)

A

betamethasone

43
Q

b2-adrenergic agonist administered subcutaneously
- it relaxes uterine smooth muscles and is used to diagnose preterm labor, temporarily suppress preterm labor, or treat uterine tachysytole

A

terbutaline (Brethine)

44
Q

a calcium channel blocker administered orally

  • it relaxes smooth muscles, including those of the contracting uterus
  • maternal hypotension is a concern
A

nifedipine (Procardia)

45
Q

classification of medications given to arrest labor after uterine contractions and cervical change have occurred

A

tocolytic

46
Q

a CNS depressant used during preterm labor for its ability to relax smooth muscles, including those of the uterus
- administered IV

A

magnesium sulfate

47
Q

a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor that relaxes uterine smooth muscles
- administered orally

A

indomethacin (Indocin)

48
Q

tocolytic medication administered subq to suppress uterine tachysystole

A

terbutaline (Brethine)

49
Q

classification of medications that can be used to ripen the cervix, stimulate uterine contractions, or both

A

prostaglandin

50
Q

cervical ripening agent in the form of a vaginal insert that is placed in the posterior fornix of the vagina

A

dinoprostone (Cervidil)

51
Q

cervical ripening agent in the form of a gel that is inserted in the cervical canal just below the internal os

A

dinoprostone (Prepidil)

52
Q

pituitary hormone used to stimulate uterine contractions in the augmentation or induction of labor

A

oxytocin (Pitocin)

53
Q

natural cervical dilator made from desiccated seaweed

A

laminaria tent

54
Q

synthetic cervical dilator containing magnesium sulfate

A

Lamicel

55
Q

cervical ripening agent, used in the form of a tablet that is most commonly inserted intravaginally in the posterior fornix

A

misoprostol (Cytotec)

OB (35 decks)

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