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Sociology Ch1 > Ch4 > Flashcards

Ch4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 ways of knowing?

A

Evaluative
Neutral
Empirical
Non empirical

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2
Q

Max Weber

A

A founding father of soc

Value free research

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3
Q

Value free research

A

When scientists conflict experiments their values cannot shape how it is carried out

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4
Q

Values of scientific communities

A 
Everything has an answer
Parsimony
Skepticism is valued
Cause and effect
Control bias
Establish generalizations
Science is revised
Precision
Power of theories 
Logic
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5
Q

Logical fallacy

A

From faulty reasoning

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6
Q

Fallacy of hasty generalizations

A

Saying that what is true for one person is true for a large group

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7
Q

Fallacy of dividion

A

Saying that something true of a large group is true of each individual

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8
Q

Fallacy of dramatic instance

A

Using An exception or vivid example to create generalization

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9
Q

Fallacy of non sequitur

A

Drawing conclusions that do not follow

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10
Q

Steps of sociological research

A 
Pick topic
Define problem 
Review literature 
Hypothesis
Research design
Collect data
Analyze data
Publish results
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11
Q

Importance of measures of central tendency importance

A

Allows researchers to compare individual values to distribution of scores

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12
Q

Counterculture

A

A subculture which displays behavior and beliefs that are strongly opposed by the dominant culture

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13
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

The spread of cultural elements from one society to another

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14
Q

Cultural diversity

A

The cultural differences that exist between people, like language, dress, and attire.

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15
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Analyzing people’s values, norms, and behaviors from their own unique cultural perspective

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16
Q

Cultural universals

A

Practices and beliefs that are found in every culture

17
Q

Culture

A

The totality of objects, knowledge, beliefs shared within a society

18
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The tendency to believe your own culture is superior to other cultures

19
Q

Folkways

A

Less important norms regarding daily behavior that are generally followed but will not generate outrage if ignored or deviated from

20
Q

Formal norms

A

Norms which involve specific punishments and are often enforced by state with laws

21
Q

Informal norms

A

Norms that are generally not written down or enforced by laws but agree upon societal consensus

22
Q

Language

A

A system of symbols which allows people to communicate with one another

23
Q

Material culture

A

All the tangible things that we make and use in our everyday lives

24
Q

Mores

A

Norms that are strong, widespread, and carry repercussions if ignored

25
Q

Non material culture

A

The intangible traditions, customs, laws, and activities, which go from generation to generation for society to flourish

26
Q

Norm

A

A standard behavior established by society

27
Q

Society

A

A group of people who share common heritage, grouped by geographic territory, and share same culture

28
Q

Subculture

A

Groups within larger society which usually share their own values, mores, and folkway which can differ from dominant culture

29
Q

Symbols

A

Anything that is recognized by and has a shared meaning within a culture

30
Q

Technology

A

Cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires

31
Q

Values

A

Socially shared ideas about what is considered most important in any given society

32
Q

Examples of material culture

A 
Computers 
Houses
Vehicles
Jewelry
Art
Books
Clothes
Technology
33
Q

Examples of non material culture

A

Music
Faith
What we are offended by
Work ethic

34
Q

Categories of non material culture

A

Symbols
Language
Values
Norms

35
Q

Importance of cultural relativism

A

Cultural diffusion

Sociology Ch1 (6 decks)

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