Ch4

Question 1

What are the 4 ways of knowing?

Answer 1

Evaluative
Neutral
Empirical
Non empirical

Question 2

Max Weber

Answer 2

A founding father of soc

Value free research

Question 3

Value free research

Answer 3

When scientists conflict experiments their values cannot shape how it is carried out

Question 4

Values of scientific communities

Answer 4

Everything has an answer
Parsimony
Skepticism is valued
Cause and effect
Control bias
Establish generalizations
Science is revised
Precision
Power of theories 
Logic

Question 5

Logical fallacy

Answer 5

From faulty reasoning

Question 6

Fallacy of hasty generalizations

Answer 6

Saying that what is true for one person is true for a large group

Question 7

Fallacy of dividion

Answer 7

Saying that something true of a large group is true of each individual

Question 8

Fallacy of dramatic instance

Answer 8

Using An exception or vivid example to create generalization

Question 9

Fallacy of non sequitur

Answer 9

Drawing conclusions that do not follow

Question 10

Steps of sociological research

Answer 10

Pick topic
Define problem 
Review literature 
Hypothesis
Research design
Collect data
Analyze data
Publish results

Question 11

Importance of measures of central tendency importance

Answer 11

Allows researchers to compare individual values to distribution of scores

Question 12

Counterculture

Answer 12

A subculture which displays behavior and beliefs that are strongly opposed by the dominant culture

Question 13

Cultural diffusion

Answer 13

The spread of cultural elements from one society to another

Question 14

Cultural diversity

Answer 14

The cultural differences that exist between people, like language, dress, and attire.

Question 15

Cultural relativism

Answer 15

Analyzing people’s values, norms, and behaviors from their own unique cultural perspective

Question 16

Cultural universals

Answer 16

Practices and beliefs that are found in every culture

Question 17

Culture

Answer 17

The totality of objects, knowledge, beliefs shared within a society

Question 18

Ethnocentrism

Answer 18

The tendency to believe your own culture is superior to other cultures

Question 19

Folkways

Answer 19

Less important norms regarding daily behavior that are generally followed but will not generate outrage if ignored or deviated from

Question 20

Formal norms

Answer 20

Norms which involve specific punishments and are often enforced by state with laws

Question 21

Informal norms

Answer 21

Norms that are generally not written down or enforced by laws but agree upon societal consensus

Question 22

Language

Answer 22

A system of symbols which allows people to communicate with one another

Question 23

Material culture

Answer 23

All the tangible things that we make and use in our everyday lives

Question 24

Mores

Answer 24

Norms that are strong, widespread, and carry repercussions if ignored

Question 25

Non material culture

Answer 25

The intangible traditions, customs, laws, and activities, which go from generation to generation for society to flourish

Question 26

Norm

Answer 26

A standard behavior established by society

Question 27

Society

Answer 27

A group of people who share common heritage, grouped by geographic territory, and share same culture

Question 28

Subculture

Answer 28

Groups within larger society which usually share their own values, mores, and folkway which can differ from dominant culture

Question 29

Symbols

Answer 29

Anything that is recognized by and has a shared meaning within a culture

Question 30

Technology

Answer 30

Cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires

Question 31

Values

Answer 31

Socially shared ideas about what is considered most important in any given society

Question 32

Examples of material culture

Answer 32

``` Computers Houses Vehicles Jewelry Art Books Clothes Technology ```

Question 33

Examples of non material culture

Answer 33

Music Faith What we are offended by Work ethic

Question 34

Categories of non material culture

Answer 34

Symbols Language Values Norms

Question 35

Importance of cultural relativism

Answer 35

Cultural diffusion