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environmental ethics > ch4 assignment5 > Flashcards

ch4 assignment5 Flashcards

1
Q

define the term water pollution

A

•Any physical or chemical change in water that adversely affects the health of humans and other organisms

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2
Q

define the term eutrophication

A

Enrichment of a water body with nutrients, resulting in excessive growth of phytoplankton, algae, or vascular plants, leading to depletion of oxygen.

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3
Q

define DO

A

disolved oxygen

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4
Q

define BOD

A

Biological Oxygen Demand…the amount of oxygen consumed by aquatic decomposers

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5
Q

define dead zone

A

hypoxic (low-oxygen) areas in the world’s oceans and large lakes, caused by “excessive nutrient pollution from human activities coupled with other factors that deplete the oxygen required to support most marine life in bottom and near-bottom water.

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6
Q

oligotrophic

A

•Unenriched, clear water that supports small populations of aquatic organisms

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7
Q

eutrophic

A
  • Slow-flowing stream, lake or estuary enriched by inorganic plant and algal nutrients such as phosphorus
  • Often due to fertilizer or sewage runoff
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8
Q

types of water pollution

A
  • Sewage
  • Disease-causing agents
  • Sediment pollution
  • Inorganic plant and algal nutrients
  • Organic compounds
  • Inorganic chemicals
  • Radioactive substances
  • Thermal pollution
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9
Q

Sewage pollution cause

A

oThe release of wastewater from drains or sewers

•Includes human wastes, soaps, and detergents

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10
Q

Sewage pollution effect

A

Enrichment

  • •Fertilization of a body of water by high levels of plant and algal nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus)

Increase in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

  • •Amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms to decompose biological wastes
  • •As BOD increases Dissolve Oxygen (DO) decreases
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11
Q

Disease-causing Agents

A

oInfectious organisms that cause diseases

•Originate in the wastes of infected individuals

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12
Q

Sediment Pollution cause

A

oExcessive amounts of suspended soil particles

•Originates from erosion of agricultural lands, forest soils exposed by logging, degraded stream banks, overgrazed rangelands, strip mines, and construction

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13
Q

Sediment Pollution effects

A
  • Limits light penetration
  • Covers aquatic animals and plants
  • Brings insoluble toxins into waterways
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14
Q

Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients cause

A

Chemicals such as nitrogen and phosphorus that stimulate the growth of plants and algae

•Harmful in large concentrations

Sources:

•Human and animal wastes, plant residues, atmospheric deposition, and fertilizer runoff

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15
Q

Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients effects

A

•Enrichment, bad odors, and a high BOD

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16
Q

Organic Compounds causes

A

oChemicals that contain carbon atoms

17
Q

Inorganic Chemicals causes

A

oContaminants that contain elements other than carbon

18
Q

Radioactive Substances

A

Contain atoms of unstable isotopes that spontaneously emit radiation

Sources

  • Mining
  • Processing radioactive materials
  • Nuclear power plants
  • Natural sources
19
Q

Thermal Pollution causes

A

oOccurs when heated water produced during industrial processes is released into waterways

20
Q

Thermal Pollution effects

A

oOrganisms affected

  • Temperature affects reproductive cycles, digestion rates, and respiration rates
  • Warm water holds less DO than cold water
21
Q

Types of Water Pollution

A
  • oPoint Source Pollution
    • •water pollution that can be traced to a specific origin
    • •Discharge via pipes, sewage, and ditches
  • o-Non-point Source Pollution
    • •Pollutants that enter bodies of water over large areas rather than being concentrated at a single point of entry
    • •Diffuse, but its cumulative effect is very large
    • •Ex: runoff from agricultural fields or parking lots
22
Q

How do we measure water quality

A
  • Dissolved Oxygen: BOD Biological Oxygen Demand…the amount of oxygen consumed by aquatic decomposers
  • Chemical Analysis: looking for presence of inorganic or organic chemicals
  • Suspended Sediment water clarity
23
Q

Municipal Sewage Treatment

A
  • oPrimary treatment
    • •Removing suspended and floating particles by mechanical processes
  • oSecondary treatment
    • •Treating wastewater biologically to decompose suspended organic material; reduces BOD
  • oTertiary treatment
    • •Advanced wastewater treatment methods that are sometimes employed after primary and secondary treatments
    • •Reduce phosphorus and nitrogen
  • oChlorination
    • •Particularly effective on viruses and pathogenic bacteria and nitrogen.

environmental ethics (14 decks)

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