Ch4: Flagellates. Flashcards
(65 cards)
0
Q
- Flagellates reside where?
A
Small intestine, cecum,
Colon, and duodenum.
1
Q
- Phylum, subphylum, and class of Flagellates?
A
P: Sarcomastigophora,
S: Mastigophora,
C: Zoomastigophora.
2
Q
- Define flagella.
A
Whiplike structures for motility.
3
Q
- Define undulating membrane.
A
Finlike structure connected to the outer edge of some flagellates.
4
Q
- Define axostyle.
A
Rodlike structure for support.
5
Q
- Examples of intestinal flagellates?
A
Giardia intestinalis, Chilomastix mesnili, Dientamoeba fragilis, Trichomonas hominis, Enteromonas hominis, Retortamonas intestinalis.
6
Q
- Examples of extraintestinal flagellates?
A
Trichomonas tenax,
Trichomonas vaginalis.
7
Q
- Other names of Giardia intestinalis?
A
Cercomonas intestinalis,
Giardia lamblia,
Giardia duodenale.
8
Q
- Discovery of G. intestinalis?
A
Dr. F. Lambl (French, 1859),
Dr. Giard (Czechoslovakian),
Stiles (1915).
9
Q
- Formal names are reviewed by?
A
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
10
Q
- Define axoneme.
A
The interior portions of the flagella;
Make up the axostyle.
11
Q
- Define median bodies.
A
“Parabasal bodies”;
Slightly curved rodlike structures, which sit on the axonemes posterior to the nuclei;
associated with energy, metabolism, or support.
12
Q
- Define sucking discs.
A
Covering 50-75% of ventral surface, it serves as the nourishment point of entry by attaching to the intestinal villi.
13
Q
- Newest form of identifying Giardia? (And D. fragilis)
A
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR).
-molecular method that is sensitive enough for environment monitoring.
14
Q
- Giardia trophozoites may infect what organs?
A
Duodenum, common bile duct, gallbladder.
15
Q
- Animal reservoir hosts of Giardia?
A
Beavers, muskrats, water voles;
Domestic sheep, cattle, dogs.
16
Q
- Disease caused by Giardia lamblia?
A
Giardiasis or Traveler’s diarrhea.
17
Q
- Some typical symptoms of giardiasis?
A
Diarrhea, steatorrhea,
flatulence, abdominal cramping.
19
Q
- Patients with what diseases are susceptible to reoccuring gardiasis?
A
Intestinal diverticuli and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency.
20
Q
- What diseases predisposes gardiasis?
A
Hypogammaglobulinemia and achlorhydria.
21
Q
- Medications for giardiasis?
A
Metronidazole (Flagyl),
Tinidazole (Tindamax),
Nitazoxanide (Alinia).
22
Q
- G. intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis are both known to be?
A
Carriers of double-stranded RNA viruses.
23
Q
- Carriers of double-stranded RNA viruses?
A
G. intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis.
24
Q
- Motility of G. intestinalis?
A
Falling leaf.
4 pairs of flagella.
25
25. Motility of Chilomastix mesnili?
Stiff, rotary in directional pattern;
| 4 flagella.
25
27. D. fragilis resides where?
Mucosal crypts of the large intestine.
26
26. Motility of Dientamoeba fragilis?
Progressive;
| Broad hyaline pseudopodia with serrated margins.
27
28. Dientamoeba fragilis is transmitted via?
The eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides.
28
29. Treatment for Dientamoeba fragilis infections?
Iodoquinol, tetracycline,
| Paromomycin (Humatin).
29
30. What is Hakansson phenomenon?
When D. fragilis is mounted in water preparations, it swells, ruptures, and returns to normal size. Numerous granules, which exhibit Brownian motion, are present.
30
31. When D. fragilis is mounted in water preparations, it swells, ruptures, and returns to normal size. Numerous granules, which exhibit Brownian motion, are present.
Hakansson phenomenon.
32
33. Transmission of T. hominis?
Ingesting of contaminated milk, especially when suffering from achlorhdyria.
33
32. Motility of Trichomonas hominis?
Nervous, jerky;
| 3-5 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum.
34
33. Falling leaf.
| 4 pairs of flagella.
Motility of Giardia lamblia.
35
34. Stiff, rotary in directional pattern;
| 4 flagella.
Motility of Chilomastix mesnili.
36
35. Progressive;
| Broad hyaline pseudopodia with serrated margins.
Motility of Dientamoeba fragilis.
37
36. Nervous, jerky
| 3-5 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum.
Motility of Trichomonas hominis.
38
37. Motility of Enteromonas hominis?
Jerky;
3 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum;
small tail.
39
38. Jerky;
3 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum;
small tail.
Motility of Enteromonas hominis.
40
39. Simple flagellate?
Enteromonas hominis.
41
40 Motility of Retortamonas intestinalis?
Jerky;
| 2 anterior flagella.
42
41. Flagellates with cytosomes?
Chilomastix mesnili,
Trichomonas hominis (conical),
Retortamonas intestinalis,
Trichomonas tenax.
43
42 Flagellates with axostyle?
Giardia lamblia,
Trichomonas hominis,
Trichomonas tenax,
Trichomonas vaginalis (granulated).
44
43. Flagellates with undulating membrane and costa?
```
Trichomonas hominis (full body),
Trichomonas tenax (2/3),
Trichomonas vaginalis (1/2)
```
45
44. Motility of Trichomonas tenax?
5 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly).
46
45. Flagellates with cysts?
Giardia lamblia,
Chilomastix mesnili,
Enteromonas hominis,
Retortamonas intestinalis.
47
46. Flagellates without cysts?
Dientamoeba fragilis,
Trichomonas hominis,
Trichomonas tenax,
Trichomonas vaginalis.
48
47. Specimen of choice for Trichomonas tenax?
Mouth scrapings:
tonsillar crypts and pyorrheal pockets;
tartar between the teeth and gingival margin of the gums.
49
48. Trichomonas tenax may also invade what organ?
the repiratory tract in patients with underlying thoracic or lung abscesses of pleural exudates.
50
49. 5 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly).
Motility of Trichomonas tenax.
51
50. Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis?
Rapid jerky;
| 4-6 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly)
52
51. Rapid jerky;
| 4-6 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly)
Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis.
53
52. Specimens for Trichomonas vaginalis?
spun urine, prostatic secretions,
| vaginal and urethral discharges.
54
53. Method in examining T. vaginalis?
Saline wet preparations.
55
54. Method in examining Chilomastix mesnili?
Iodine wet preparations.
56
55. Method in examining Dientamoeba fragilis?
Permanent stain and iron hematoxylin.
57
56. Saline wet preparations.
MIE T. vaginalis.
58
57. Iodine wet preps.
MIE C. mesnili.
59
58. Permanent stain and iron hematoxylin.
MIE D. fragilis.
60
60. T. vaginalis has been recovered from infants suffering from?
respiratory infection and conjunctivitis.
61
61. Treatment for T. vaginalis infections?
Metronidazole (Flagyl).
62
62. Transmismitted via The eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides?
Dientamoeba fragilis.
63
63 Iodoquinol, tetracycline,
| Paromomycin (Humatin).
Treatment for Dientamoeba fragilis.
64
64. Transmitted via ingestion of contaminated milk, especially when suffering from achlorhdyria.
Trichomonas hominis.
65
65. Mucosal crypts of large intestine?
D. fragilis resides where?
