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fundamentals of nursing > ch41: oxygenation > Flashcards

ch41: oxygenation Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

what muscles are responsible for inspiration?

A

diaphragm and external intercostals –> increase size of thorax

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2
Q

what is the difference between ventilation, perfusion, diffusion?

A

ventilation: process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
perfusion: ability of cardiovascular system to pump oxygenation blood to tissues + return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
diffusion: exchange of respiratory gases in alveoli + capillaries

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3
Q

what is starling’s law?

A

as the myocardium stretches, the strength of the subsequent contraction increases

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4
Q

what makes the S1 sound?

A

mitral and tricuspid (AV) valves close

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5
Q

what makes the S2 sound?

A

aortic and pulmonic (SL) valve close

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6
Q

what is the natural pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

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7
Q

what is the path of conduction throughout the heart?

A

sa node –> av node –> bundle of his –> purkinje fiber

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8
Q

what are some factors that affect oxygenation? (and explain each)

A
  1. physiological factors
  2. affected chest wall movements
  3. disturbances in conductions
  4. alterations in cardiac functioning
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9
Q

what are developmental considerations with oxygenation for infants/toddlers?

A
  • at risk for upper respiratory infections
  • should recover from upper respiratory infections easily
  • risk for airway obstruction
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10
Q

what are developmental considerations with oxygenation for school age children + adolescents?

A
  • exposed to respiratory infections + and risk factors
  • vaping
  • unhealthy diets
  • obesity
  • inactive lifestyle
  • caffeinated beverage `
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11
Q

what are lifestyle factors affecting oxygenation?

A
  1. nutrition
  2. hydration
  3. exercise
  4. smoking
  5. substance abuse
  6. stress
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12
Q

what are all the parts of an EKG and what happens in all?

A
  • p wave: atrial depolarization
  • qrs complex: ventricular depolarization
  • t wave: ventricular repolarization
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13
Q

what are signs that a patient may be experiencing profound hypoxia?

A
  • sudden changes in vital signs
  • change in LOC
  • change in behavior
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14
Q

t/f: perform tracheal suctioning before pharyngeal

A

true

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15
Q

what to inspect for when assessing oxygenation?

A
  1. skin and mucous membrane color
  2. LOC, breathing patterns
  3. chest wall movement
  4. general appearance
  5. circulation
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16
Q

what to palpate for when assessing oxygenation?

A
  1. chest
  2. feet
  3. legs
  4. pulses
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17
Q

what to percuss for when assessing oxygenation?

A
  1. presence of abnormal fluid/air

2. diaphragmatic excursion

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18
Q

what to auscultate for when assessing oxygenation?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. normal/abnormal heart sounds

2. normal/abnormal lung sounds

19
Q

what is the purpose of testing arterial blood gas?

Study These Flashcards
A

assess pt’s respiratory and metabolic acid/base balance and adequacy of oxygenation

20
Q

what are some ventilation studies?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. pulmonary function
  2. peak expiratory flow rate
  3. oximetry
  4. bronchoscopy
  5. lung scans
21
Q

what does the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) assess?

Study These Flashcards
A

reflects change in large airway sizes (assess resistance in asthmatic patients)

22
Q

what position is best for effective breathing and why?

Study These Flashcards
A

high fowlers = good for respiratory distress to reach maximum lung expansion

23
Q

albuterol vs steroids

Study These Flashcards
A

albuterol (beta agonist): attach to beta-receptors –> helps relax the muscles in your airways, –> easier for you to breathe

steroids: reduce the swelling in the airways

24
Q

what is humidification?

Study These Flashcards
A

process of adding water to gas → IMPORTANT for pts receiving O2 at 4L or more

helps to thin out secretions

25
what is chest physiotherapy?
external wall manipulation using percussion, vibration, or high freq. chest wall compression to MOBILIZE secretions
26
what pressure should suctioning be at and why?
should be at 100-150mmHg of pressure or else you can suck out tissue
27
when to use oro/nasopharyngeal suctioning?
patient can COUGH EFFECTIVELY but CAN'T CLEAR secretions
28
when to use oro/nasotracheal suctioning?
patient CAN'T COUGH EFFECTIVELY, CAN'T CLEAR secretions, and does NOT have artificial airway
29
when to use endotracheal suctioning?
short term: to relieve upper airway obstruction and protect against aspiration
30
when to use tracheostomy?
long term: surgical incision into trachea
31
purpose of invasive mechanical ventilation? what are some examples?
lifesaving technique with artificial airways - endotracheal - tracheostomy
32
what is the purpose of noninvasive ventilation? what are some examples?
to maintain positive airway pressure + improve alveolar ventilation - CPAP - BiPAP
33
what is the purpose of chest tube?
to remove air and fluids from pleural space, to prevent re-entering of air, to re-establish pressures
34
purpose of oxygen therapy?
to prevent/relieve hypoxia
35
nasal cannula
low flow; 25-40% O2 | 2-4 L/min
36
simple face mask
35-50% O2 | 6-12 L/min
37
bag valve mask
high flow; 100% O2 | 10-15 L/min
38
non-rebreather mask
60-90% O2 | 10-15 L/min
39
venturi mask
high flow; 24-60% O2 | 4-12 L/min
40
when to use a face tent?
relatively low [O2] | - when facial/oral injuries prevent the use of other masks
41
what is the purpose of an AED?
automatic external defibrillator | - used to restore normal conduction of the SA node
42
what are two types of breathing exercises?
1. pursed lip breathing | 2. diaphragmatic breathing
43
t/f: an order is not needed in order to administer oxygen
FALSE

fundamentals of nursing (8 decks)

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