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fundamentals of nursing > ch46: urinary elimination > Flashcards

ch46: urinary elimination Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

what is the nurse’s role in urinary elimination?

A

assess pt urinary tract functions and provide support for bladder emptying

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2
Q

where is erythropoietin?

A

responsible for RBC production and is produced in the kidneys

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3
Q

urethra length for male and female?

A

male: 18-20cm
female: 4cm

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4
Q

when does voluntary control of voiding occur?

A

18-24 months

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5
Q

what are some factors that affect older adults’ urination?

A
  • decreased bladder capacity
  • increased bladder irritability
  • increased bladder contraction frequency
  • increased risk for urinary incontinence
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6
Q

what is the affect of alcohol and urination?

A

alcohol = DIURETIC

  • decreased ADH released
  • increased urine output
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7
Q

pathological conditions that alter bladder contractions/sense of filling + emptying?

A

diabetes melllitus, multiple sclerosis, stroke

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8
Q

pathological conditions that can interfere with timely access to the toilet?

A

arthritis, parkinson’s, dementia, chronic pain

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9
Q

pathological conditions that lead to loss of urine control?

A

spinal cord/intervertebral disk disease

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10
Q

pathological conditions that lead to obstruction of bladder outlet?

A

prostatic enlargement

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11
Q

increase or decrease in urinary production when pregnant and why?

A

increase because of hormonal changes and pressure of fetus on bladder

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12
Q

what is acute renal failure and what are signs?

A

caused by toxins or acute obstruction of the ureter

  • sudden weight gain
  • generalized edema
  • hypertension
  • signs of left sided heart failure
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13
Q

what is chronic renal failure?

A

may occur as complication of other diseases (diabetes, hypertension, kidney diseases)

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14
Q

what is the relationship between vitamin D and chronic renal failure?

A

pt has chronic renal failure = can’t make vitamin D = can’t absorb calcium = demineralization

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15
Q

what are some indications for dialysis?

A
  1. renal failure can’t be controlled by conservative management
  2. worsening of uremic syndrome associated with end stage renal disease
  3. severe electrolyte/fluid abnormalities that can’t be controlled by other measure
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16
Q

what is urethritis?

A

inflamed urethra

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17
Q

what is cystitis?

A

inflamed bladder

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18
Q

what is prostatitis?

A

inflamed prostate

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19
Q

what is pyelonephritis?

A

flank pain + raging fever = inflamed kidney

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20
Q

what is hematuria?

A

blood in urine = kidney/bladder pathology

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21
Q

what is polyuria?

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A

increased production of urine

22
Q

what is dysuria?

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A

difficult urination often associated with burning and infection

23
Q

what is nocturia?

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A

frequent waking from sleep to urinate (unusual urgency)

24
Q

what is oliguria?

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A

very infrequent urination

- can be cuased by increased ADH secretion

25
what is anuria?
absence of urination
26
t/f: urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging
false
27
what are different types of incontinence?
- functional incontinence - overflow incontinence - reflex incontinence - stress incontinence - urge incontinence - total/continuous incontinence - transient incontinence
28
what is functional incontinence and what are signs?
bc of something OUTSIDE of urinary tract | - altered mobility and dexterity
29
what is overflow incontinence and what are signs?
bc of an overdistended bladder | -poor emptying bc of weak contractions
30
what is reflex incontinence and what are signs?
involuntary loss of urine at predictable intervals - high BP, high HR, diaphoresis spinal cord damage
31
what is stress incontinence and what are some signs?
weakness/injury to the sphincter | - urethral hypermobility, small volume leakage
32
what is urge incontinence and what are signs?
strong sense of urgency bc of overactive bladder | - bladder inflammation, bladder outlet obstruction
33
what is total/continuous incontinence?
complaint of continuous leakage of urine
34
what is transient incontinence?
caused by medical conditions that are treatable and reversible - most likely associated with UTI
35
what are nephrostomy tubes?
urinary diversion where drainage tube is palced into the kidney to drain urine directly from kidney --> used when ureter is obstructed
36
what are considered intake measurements?
oral liquids, semi liquids, enteral feedings, parenteral fluids
37
what are considered output measurements?
urine, any fluid leaving the body that can be measured (vomit, gastric drainage, wound drain)
38
what to do when urine output average is less than 30mL/hr?
not normal = RED FLAG
39
what does high BUN mean?
blood urea nitrogen = high levels mean kidney dysfunction
40
what does high serum creatinine level mean?
increased level of creatinine = sign of poor kidney function
41
what is glomerular filtration rate?
estimates how much blood passes through these filters each minute
42
what is the specific gravity of urine? what does an increased or decrease of this mean?
1. 005 - 1.030 = normal levels for urine - increase: concentrated urine - decrease: diluted urine
43
when to use KUB abdominal roentgenogram?
x ray; to detect and measure size of urinary calculi
44
when to use ultrasound?
to detect masses, measure post void residual, obstruction, abnormalities of bladder wall, calculi
45
when to use CT scan?
ID anatomical abnormalities; renal tumors; cysts, calculi, obstruction of the ureters
46
when to use IVP intravenous pyelogram?
dye is used to detect + measure urinary calculi, tumors, obstruction, hematuria
47
when to use cystoscopy?
camera through urethra to detect bladder tumors
48
when to use arteriography?
injection of radio-opaque substance for radiography of arteries
49
what does a catheter's French (Fr) scale measure?
Fr measures internal diameter of the catheter
50
what is the measurement for an adult indwelling catheter and adult balloon?
indwelling: 14-16Fr | balloon = 10mL
51
how to care for a catheter?
1. keep drainage system patent 2. check for kinks/bends 3. avoid positioning pt over tubing 4. observe for clots or sediment that could cause obstruction 5. REGULAR PERINEAL HYGIENE q8hr MIN
52
how often should perineal hygiene be done when pt has catheter in
q8hr minimum

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