Ch5 Flashcards

(33 cards)

0
Q

played the lead role in developing the structure of the

modern periodic table; predicted the existence of several missing elements at the time of his work

A

Dimitri Mendeleev

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1
Q

formulated the concept of triad

A

Johann Döbereiner

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2
Q

devised the commonly used electronegativity scale

A

Linus Pauling

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3
Q

ordered the periodic table by atomic number

A

Henry Mosley

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4
Q

proposed that elemental properties varied in octaves

A

John Newland

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5
Q

exists when some measurable property repeats on a regular basis in a sequential list or time sequence.

A

Periodicity

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6
Q

Who created the periodic law

A

Dimitri Mendeleev

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7
Q

stated that the properties of elements vary with their atomic masses in a periodic way.

A

Periodic Law

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8
Q

Who revised the periodic law

A

Henry Mosley

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9
Q

What does the revised law state

A

the properties of elements vary with their atomic numbers in a periodic way.

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10
Q

vertical column of elements

A

Group or Family

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11
Q

Horizontal rows of ele­ments

A

Period or series

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12
Q

solid, lustrous (shiny), malleable, and ductile, and they are good conductors of heat and electricity.

A

Metals

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13
Q

generally gases or soft, crumbly solids. Examples are oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur

A

Nonmetals

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14
Q

They share properties of both metals and nonmetals. Examples are boron silicone and arsenic

A

metalloids

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15
Q

distance from the center of an atom’s nucleus to its outermost electron.

A

atomic radius

16
Q

minimum energy required to remove the first electron from its out­ ermost shell to make it a cation

A

First Ionization Energy

17
Q

What family or element group has the best chance of having a largest ionization energies because they have a full outer energy level and do not gain or give up electrons easily

18
Q

amount of energy required to add an electron to a neutral atom to form a negative ion, or anion

A

Electron Affinity

19
Q

Electron affinity measures what?

A

How strongly an atom attracts additional electrons

20
Q

measure of the attrac­ tion between the nucleus and valence electrons

A

Electronegativity

21
Q

Who won the noble peace prize?

A

Linus Pauling

22
Q

study of elements and the compounds they form

A

Descriptive chemistry

23
Q

What 2 elements make hard water

A

Magnesium and Calcium

24
family were first isolated in 1807 by
Sir Humphrey Davy.
25
elements are metals that are very chemically reactive. Examples are lithium, sodium, potassium and cesium
alkali metals
26
alkaline-earth metals.
metals are all solid at room temperature and have typical metallic properties. Examples are calcium magnesium and radium
27
Silver gold copper and iron.
transition metals.
28
What are native mineral
Elements that are found as pure solids in nature. Example is gold, silver, copper, and carbon
29
Aluminum tin and lead are in this group
Post-transition metals,
30
first recognized nitrogen as an element.
Daniel Rutherford
31
family is probably the most chemically uniform group of elements other than the noble gases; called this because they form salts when they react with reactive met­als. Examples are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
halogen
32
Xenon krypton and radon. they do not react with other elements except under unusual conditions of pressure and temperature.
noble gases