Ch5 Flashcards
(33 cards)
played the lead role in developing the structure of the
modern periodic table; predicted the existence of several missing elements at the time of his work
Dimitri Mendeleev
formulated the concept of triad
Johann Döbereiner
devised the commonly used electronegativity scale
Linus Pauling
ordered the periodic table by atomic number
Henry Mosley
proposed that elemental properties varied in octaves
John Newland
exists when some measurable property repeats on a regular basis in a sequential list or time sequence.
Periodicity
Who created the periodic law
Dimitri Mendeleev
stated that the properties of elements vary with their atomic masses in a periodic way.
Periodic Law
Who revised the periodic law
Henry Mosley
What does the revised law state
the properties of elements vary with their atomic numbers in a periodic way.
vertical column of elements
Group or Family
Horizontal rows of elements
Period or series
solid, lustrous (shiny), malleable, and ductile, and they are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals
generally gases or soft, crumbly solids. Examples are oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur
Nonmetals
They share properties of both metals and nonmetals. Examples are boron silicone and arsenic
metalloids
distance from the center of an atom’s nucleus to its outermost electron.
atomic radius
minimum energy required to remove the first electron from its out ermost shell to make it a cation
First Ionization Energy
What family or element group has the best chance of having a largest ionization energies because they have a full outer energy level and do not gain or give up electrons easily
Noble Gases
amount of energy required to add an electron to a neutral atom to form a negative ion, or anion
Electron Affinity
Electron affinity measures what?
How strongly an atom attracts additional electrons
measure of the attrac tion between the nucleus and valence electrons
Electronegativity
Who won the noble peace prize?
Linus Pauling
study of elements and the compounds they form
Descriptive chemistry
What 2 elements make hard water
Magnesium and Calcium