ch.5 Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

the central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a SERIOUS threat to one’s well-being

A

fear

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2
Q

the central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a ANXIETY sense of threat or danger

A

anxiety

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3
Q

disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry abt numerous events and activities

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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4
Q

____ are most common mental disorders in US.

A

anxiety disorders

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5
Q

the humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by being accepting, empathizing accurately, and conveying genuineness; also known as person-centered therapy

A

client-centered therapy

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6
Q

the inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by ppl with various psychological problems, according to Albert Ellis

A

basic irrational assumptions

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7
Q

developed metacognitive theory which suggests that ppl w/ generalized anxiety disorder implicitly hold both positive and negative beliefs abt worrying

A

Adrian Wells

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8
Q

a cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that helps clients identify and change the irrational assumptions and thinking that help cause their psychological disorder

A

rational-emotive therapy

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9
Q

a research design in which investigators determine how many and which relatives of a person with a disorder have the same disorder

A

family pedigree study

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10
Q

the most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax

A

benzodiazepines

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11
Q

a neurotransmitter whose low activity has been linked to generalized anxiety disorder

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

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12
Q

drugs that calm ppl at lower doses and help them to fall asleep at higher doses

A

sedative-hypnotic drugs

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13
Q

a treatment procedure that teaches clients to relax at will so they can calm themselves in stressful situations

A

relaxation training

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14
Q

a technique in which a client is given info abt physiological reactions as they occur and learns to control the reactions voluntarily

A

biofeedback

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15
Q

a device that provides feedback abt the level of muscular tension in the body

A

electromyography (EMG)

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16
Q

a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation

A

phobia

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17
Q

a severe and persistent fear of a specific object or situation

A

specific phobia

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18
Q

an anxiety disorder in which a person is afraid to be in public situations from which escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic-like or embarrassing symptoms were to occur

19
Q

a predisposition to develop certain fears

20
Q

behavioral treatments in which persons are exposed to the objects or situations they dread

A

exposure treatments

21
Q

behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and fear hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread

A

systematic desensitization

22
Q

a treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless

23
Q

a severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur

A

social anxiety disorder

24
Q

a therapy approach that helps ppl learn or improve social skills and assertiveness through role playing and rehearsing of desirable behaviors

A

social skills training

25
periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within minutes, and gradually passes
panic attacks
26
an anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks
panic disorder
27
a small area of the brain that seems to be active in the regulation of emotions. many of its neurons use norepinephrine
locus coeruleus
28
a small, almond-shaped structure in the brain that processes emotional info
amygdala
29
a persistent thought, idea, impulse, or image that is experienced repeatedly, feels intrusive, and causes anxiety; may try to ignore or get rid of by performing compulsive behavior or ritual
obsession
30
a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that a person feels driven to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety
compulsion
31
a disorder in which a person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a need to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both; not classified as an anxiety disorder but anxiety does play a big role in this pattern
obsessive-compulsive disorder
32
themes of obsessions
* Fear of contamination or dirt (most common) * Needing things orderly and symmetrical * Aggressive or horrific thoughts about harming yourself or others * Unwanted thoughts, including aggression, or sexual or religious subjects
33
examples of obsession signs and symptoms
* Fear of being contaminated by touching objects others have touched * Doubts that you've locked the door or turned off the stove * Intense stress when objects aren't orderly or facing a certain way * Images of hurting yourself or someone else that are unwanted and make you uncomfortable * Thoughts about shouting obscenities or acting inappropriately that are unwanted and make you uncomfortable * Avoidance of situations that can trigger obsessions, such as shaking hands * Distress about unpleasant sexual images repeating in your mind
34
How common is OCD?
Between 1 and 2% of people in US and other countries suffer from OCD in any given year. 3% develop disorder at some point in life, usually begins in young adulthood
35
How many suffers of OCD seek treatment?
More than 40% of ppl with OCD may seek treatment for an extended period of time
36
Obsessions often take forms of obsessive _____
Wishes, impulses, images, ideas, or doubts
37
What's the difference between an obsession and a compulsion?
Compulsions are technically under voluntary control, the people who feel they must do them have little sense of choice in the matter. Ppl may recognize that behavior is unreasonable but at the same time believe something terrible will happen if they don't perform the compulsion. For some, compulsive acts develop into detailed rituals
38
Name some various forms of compulsions.
``` Cleaning compulsions Checking compulsions Constantly seek order or balance Touching compulsions Verbal compulsions Counting compulsions ```
39
Detailed compulsive acts that must be carried out in exactly the same way according to certain rules
Rituals
40
A neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity is linked to depression, OCD, and eating disorders
Serotonin
41
Developed by Adrian Wells, suggests that people with generalized anxiety disorder implicitly hold both positive and negative believes about worrying
Metacognitive theory
42
Further worry about the fact that one always seems to be worrying
Meta-worries
43
Theory that certain individuals cannot tolerate the knowledge that negative events may occur, even if the possibility of them occurring is very small
Intolerance of uncertainty theory
44
Another explanation for generalized anxiety disorder; developed by Thomas Borkovec; people with generalized anxiety disorder worry repeatedly in order to reduce or avoid uncomfortable states of bodily arousal (higher heart rate, perspiration, respiration)
Avoidance Theory