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Vascular Scanning > Ch.5 Common Studies > Flashcards

Ch.5 Common Studies Flashcards

(65 cards)

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0
Q

What is the best indicator for DVT

A

Acute lateral edema

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1
Q

2 reasons to perform a venous

A
  1. Deep vein thrombus (DVT)

2. Pulmonary embolism (PE)

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2
Q

What are risk factor of Virchow’s triad?

A
  1. Stasis
  2. Hypercoagulabilty
  3. Vessel wall injury
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3
Q

Define stasis

A

Blood not moving which promotes thrombus

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4
Q

Define hypercoagulability

A

Blood that clots more regularly

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5
Q

Define the effects of vessel wall injury

A
  1. Start the clotting process

2. Promotes aggregation of platelets

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6
Q

What are Soleal Sinuses?

A

Are pouch like areas that receives blood from the Soleus muscle.

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7
Q

What do the Soleal sinuses drain into?

A

Posterior Tibial and peroneal veins which is the source of most DVT

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8
Q

Stasis risk factors (OVC/PBP)

A 
Pregnancy 
Age 
Obesity 
Varicose veins 
CHF
Previous DVT
Bed rest/ prolonged sitting
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9
Q

Hypercoagulability risk factors?

ICD TS

A 
Pregnancy and age
Infection
Cancer 
Dehydration
Trauma
Surgery
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10
Q

Define pulmonary embolism

A

Is thrombus that propagates proximally into

Popliteal&raquo_space; Femoral&raquo_space;Iliac system» IVC

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11
Q

Name some PE Sx?

A 
SOB
Chest pain
Sweating
Cough
Fever
Shock
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12
Q

Acute thrombus characteristics

A
  1. Homogeneous appearance
  2. Soft/dark echoes
  3. Partly compressible
  4. Attached to the wall
  5. Distended vein
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13
Q

Chronic thrombis characteristics

A
  1. Heterogeneous
  2. Incompressible
  3. Bright Echoes
  4. Irregular walls
  5. Rechannel flow (recanalization)
  6. Presence of large collaterals
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14
Q

What affects venous flow in Doppler

A
  1. Intra abdominal pressure

2. Compression maneuvers

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15
Q

What do bright echoes suggest?

A

Older clot

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16
Q

6 Reasons to perform LE studies

A
  1. Chronic atherosclerosis
  2. Acute occlusion
  3. Follow up bypass grafts
  4. Ateriovenous fistula
  5. Aneurysm
  6. Pseudoaneurysm
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17
Q

Define claudication

A

Pain with exercise that subsides with rest

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18
Q

What is Chronic atherosclerotic obstructive disease patients main Sx

A

Patients with pain in the legs with exercise (claudication)

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19
Q

Patients who undergo cardiac cath suffer from what?

A
  1. Hematoma

2. Pseudoaneurysm

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20
Q

Define hematoma

A

A clot or mass in the tissue

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21
Q

Describe a Pseudoaneurysm?

A

Flow in/out of a area of tissue through arterial wall

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22
Q

How is a pseudoaneurysm treated?

A

By ultrasound guided thrombin injection or probe compression

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23
Q

What is a Arteriovenous Fistula?

A
  1. Abnormal communication between artery and vein

2. Steals flow from distal circulation causing ischemic Sx

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24
Fistula steals flow from distal circulation which results in?
1. Reduce distal resistance | 2. Cause some heart failure
25
In scanning LE normal flow is described as?
Multiphasic
26
Arterial stenosis flow is described as?
Biphasic/ Monophasic
27
What is the normal aortic diameter?
Range from 1.5-2.5 cm
28
What is the diameter for a aneurysmal ao? And what size is needed for repair?
Aneurysmal 3 cm Repair 5cm
29
Name the most common assessment in abdominal scanning?
Obstruction of the renal artery
30
Obstructing of flow in the renal arteries do what?
Disrupt the kidneys role in balancing blood pressure
31
Chronic obstruction of the messengering artery is from?
Patient who is malnourished
32
Name 2 of the 3 arteries that categorize chronic obstruction of the mesenteric artery
Superior Mesenteric Inferior Mesenteric Celiac trunk
33
Portal hypertension is due to what 2 factors?
1. Cirrhosis of the liver due to alcohol abuse | 2. Liver damage due to hepatitis
34
What is the Doppler character distal to renal arteries
Multiphasic similar to lower extremities
35
What is the velocity criteria for abdominal Doppler in Renal and SMA:
1. Renal PSV > 180 cm/sec suggest > 60% stenosis | 2. SMA PSV > 275 cm/sec suggest > 60% stenosis
36
What is patient protocol for patient prep for abdominal studies?
1. Patient to fast for 6-12 hours Drinking clear uncarbonated liquids 2. No dietary fat the day before
37
What is another name for a stroke?
CVA Cerebrovascular accident.
38
Stroke is the _____ leading cause of death.
4th
39
What are the 2 clinical conditions of stroke?
1. Resolving ischemic neurological deficit (RIND) | 2. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
40
Describe RIND
1. Sx of stroke for kore than 24 hours but fewer than 72 hours. 2. No permanent damage
41
Describe TIA
1. Stroke Sx lasting fewer than 24 hours | 2. No permanent damage
42
What are the 2 categories of stroke?
1. Ischemic | 2. Hemorrhage
43
Define ischemic
1. Too little blood to the brain | 2. 80% of strokes
44
Define Hemorrhage
Bleeding from a ruptured vessel
45
Most ischemic strokes (TIA/RINDS) are caused by....
Plaque at the bifurcation where atherosclerosis is promoted.
46
What are the 2 Sx of cerebrovascular insufficiency?
1. Carotid territory | 2. Vertebrobasilar
47
Name the 7 carotid territory Sx.....
1. Dysphasia 2. Aphasia 3. Amaurosis fugax 4. Hemiparesis 5. Hemiparesthesia 6. Hemiplegia 7. Homonymous hemainopia
48
Carotid territory are considered _______ symptoms.
Lateralizing
49
Name the 6 vertebra basilar symptoms.....
``` Vertigo Syncope Nausea Ataxia Binocular Dysphasia ```
50
Vertebra basilar are generally ________ Sx....
Nonlateralizing
51
Define dysphagia
Speech disturbance
52
Define aphasia
Absence of speech
53
Define hemi--paresis
Weakness one side (arm,leg, side of face)
54
Define Hemi--plegia
One sided loss of function
55
Define paresthesia
One sided tingling sensation
56
Define Hemanopia
Loss of half the visual field in both eyes
57
Define ataxia
Loss of coordination
58
Define Dysphasia
Difficult swallowing
59
Define atherosclerosis
Growth of the lumen restricting lesions in arterial walls
60
In diameter-reduction to area-reduction measurement Diameter of 50%= _________area 80% = _______area
50% = 75% 80% = 96%
61
What is the Doppler criteria for stenosis > 50% diameter = ________ cm/sec PSV
>50% =125 PSV
62
What is the Doppler criteria for stenosis 70%= __________ cm/sec PSV __________ Cm/sec EDV
PSV = >230 cm/sec EDV = > 100 cm/sec
63
What is the Doppler criteria for stenosis 80% = ________ CM/sec EDV
EDV= > 140 cm/sec
64
Carotid stenosis is usually categorized Mild Moderately Moderately severe Severe
Mild =15% Moderately =15-50% MS = 50-80% Severe = >80%

Vascular Scanning (7 decks)

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