ch5: field-based physical & mobility assessments

Question 1

performing assessments will help you:

Answer 1

• identify & predict if a participant is at risk for mobility problems & disability
• determine if the prog is appropriate for the older exercising population
• motivate your participants to set personal goals (YA)
• select exercises that meet specific needs of older participants

Question 2

use of functional fitness framework

Answer 2

• identifies physical fitness parameters associated with func mobility
• relates func mobility to ability and active daily living

Question 3

components of func fitness framwork

Answer 3

• physical parameters
• functions
• ADLs

Question 4

what are physical parameters

Answer 4

• muscle
• aerobic endurance
• flexibility
• motor ability

Question 5

what are functions

Answer 5

walking
standing up from a chair
-lifting/reaching
-bending/kneeling
- jogging/running

Question 6

what are activity goals

Answer 6

personal care
housework
gardening
sports
traveling

Question 7

how does the function fitness framework work

Answer 7

physical impairment –> func limitation –> physical disability/dependence

Question 8

what is physical impairment

Answer 8

loss of abnormality at the tissue, organ, or body system level

Question 9

what is func limitation

Answer 9

restriction in physical behaviours such as rising from a chair, lifting or climbing stairs

Question 10

what are physical disability

Answer 10

any restriction or lack of ability to perform a task or an activity in the manner considered normal

Question 11

stair climbing test

Answer 11

test quad strength vs function in OA
11 steps

Question 12

ramp up test

Answer 12

test quad strength vs function in oa
3.66m ramp

Question 13

common obstacles with assessments

Answer 13

• lack or time, space and budget
• lack of trained personnel
• lack of assessment tools
• absence of a requirement by facility management

Question 14

are most PA centres for OA good at conducting field-based assessments

Answer 14

yes for initial assessment but not for follow up

Question 15

criteria for selection & evaluation of test instruments

Answer 15

• practicality
• psychometric properties

Question 16

what is practicality

Answer 16

• usability of the test

Question 17

factors that influence usability include:

Answer 17

• medical permission supervision required and available
• time needed to administer and score the test
• personnel and expertise needed to administer test
• level of fatigue to participant per test
• is the test meaningful to your participant

Question 18

what are psychometric properties

Answer 18

refers to the degree the test will meet specific and established test construction guidelines

Question 19

what are the psychometric properties

Answer 19

• reliability
• validity
• discrimination power
• performance standards

Question 20

what is reliability

Answer 20

• refers to the degree that two test scores are similar when tested under identical conditions
• test would then be free of measurement error
• must originate from published protocol

Question 21

what should test-re-test be if reliable

Answer 21

should be >0.80

Question 22

what is inter-rater reliability

Answer 22

when scores obtained from multiple testers are very similar
(high correlation)

Question 23

what is vallidity

Answer 23

• refers to the test having shown to measure what it is intended to measure
• most important characteristic of any test

Question 24

what is criterion-related validity

Answer 24

evaluates a tests validity by comparing its scores with other scores already found to be valid
- acceptable when correlation values are >0.70

Question 25

what is the 6min chair stand test

Answer 25

goal: measure cardiorespiratory endurance in reality it measures muscular endurance more then cardio endurance

Question 26

what is predictive validity

Answer 26

- ability of a test to predict the futur outcome of the test - research data must show a strong statistical prediction to the futur outcome

Question 27

what is discrimination power

Answer 27

ability of the test to detect changes in performance over time

Question 28

what should the test have to assess a change in performance over time or in relation to an intervention

Answer 28

should have a minimum floor or ceiling effects

Question 29

what are floor effects

Answer 29

test is too difficult for specific subjects being tested

Question 30

what are ceiling effects

Answer 30

test is too easy for specific subjects been g tested

Question 31

what is the norm referenced standards

Answer 31

gender & age

Question 32

what is performance standards

Answer 32

interpretation of the scores provide feedback to participants

Question 33

what is criterion-referenced standards

Answer 33

- evaluates performance in relation to a particular reference point or specific goal such as: fitness level to climb stairs or to remain functionally independent

Question 34

minimal VO2 to remain func independent at age 85 for men and women

Answer 34

men: 18 W: 15

Question 35

recommended assessment tools

Answer 35

two field based assessment tools designed to measure physical impairments and func limitations in OA 1- short physical performance battery protocol 2- Fullerton advanced balance scale

Question 36

what is the short performance battery

Answer 36

- balance test - gait speed test - chair stand test

Question 37

scoring SPPB

Answer 37

0-3: worst performance, high mortality 4-9: reduced physical performance 10-12: best physical performance, low mortality

Question 38

good reasons to use short physical performance battery (SPPB)

Answer 38

- meets psychometric properties - is convenient and practical in terms of equipment, space, and time requirements - allow OA to perform that test safely (bc sub-max effort) without the need for a medical release - evaluates physical abilities and func

Question 39

what is Fullerton advanced balance scale (FAB)

Answer 39

series of 10 func tests which assess both static & dynamic balance under varied sensory conditions

Question 40

what is used to measure the outcome of the test FAB

Answer 40

4 point scale max= 40 points

Question 41

what does FAB test have high:

Answer 41

- predictive validity - test-re-test reliability - intra & interrater relliability - content validity

Question 42

what can Fullerton advanced balance test predict

Answer 42

faller status score 25 or lower = at risk

Question 43

who is the FAB test good for

Answer 43

- OA with no major balance issues - for lower func OA due to chronic diseases and disability --> better to use easier test such as Berg Balance scale

Question 44

what does the FAB test assess

Answer 44

posture stepping time

Question 45

what should participants complete prior to test

Answer 45

- health & PA questionnaire - informed consent form - medical clearance, if required

Question 46

what should participants be advised of prior to the test

Answer 46

- avoid heavy exertion and alcohol use for 24h before testing - to eat a light meal one hour before testing - to wear appropriate clothing for exercise

Question 47

interpreting test results for the SFT performance norms

Answer 47

- norms based on over 7000 community dwelling OA between 60 and 94 y/o - normal defined as the middle 50% of the population

Question 48

criterion standards when interpreting test results for the sft

Answer 48

- scores compared to a threshold score can be used to identify participants at risk for mobility prob, falls or disability