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NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE > CH.5 HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE PT.2 > Flashcards

CH.5 HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE PT.2 Flashcards

1
Q

RESTING LENGTH OF MUSCLE AND THE TENSION THE MUSCLE CAN PRODUCE AT THIS RESTING LENGTH

A

LENGTH TENSION RELATIONSHIP

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2
Q

FORCE IS CHARACTERIZED BY WHAT ?

A

MAGNITUDE (HOW MUCH) AND DIRECTION (WHICH WAY THEY ARE MOVING)

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3
Q

LENGTHENING MUSCLE BEYOND OPTIMAL LENGTH AND THEN STIMULATING IT REDUCES WHAT ?

A

AMOUNT OF ACTIN AND MYOSIN OVERLAP, REDUCING FORCE PRODUCTION

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4
Q

SHORTENING A MUSCLE TO MUCH AND THEN STIMULATING IT DOES WHAT TO ACTIN AND MYOSIN ?

A

PLACES ACTIN AND MYOSIN IN STATE OF MAXIMAL OVERLAP AND ALLOWS FOR NO FURTHER MOVEMENT TO OCCUR B/W FILAMENTS, REDUCING ITS FORCE OUTPUT

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5
Q

IF MUSCLE LENGTHS ARE ALTERED (I.E. MISALIGNED JOINTS OR POOR POSTURE) THEN THEY WILL NOT GENERATE WHAT ?

A

THE NEEDED FORCE TO ALLOW FOR EFFICIENT MOVEMENT

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6
Q

REFERS TO RELATIONSHIP OF MUSCLES ABILITY TO PRODUCE TENSION AT DIFFERING SHORTENING VELOCITIES

A

FORCE VELOCITY CURVES

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7
Q

AS VELOCITY OF CONCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION INCREASES , ABILITY TO PRODUCE WHAT DECREASES ?

A

FORCE

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8
Q

WITH ECCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION, AS VELOCITY OF MUSCLE ACTION INCREASES, ABILITY TO TO DEVELOP FORCE DOES WHAT ?

A

INCREASES

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9
Q

MUSCLE GROUPS MOVING TOGETHER TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT AROUND A JOINT

A

FORCE COUPLE

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10
Q

MUSCLES PRODUCE FORCE THAT IS TRANSMITTED TO BONES THOUGH WHAT ?

A

THROUGH THEIR CONNECTIVE TISSUES (TENDONS)

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11
Q

SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF MUSCLES TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT AROUND A JOINT; PROVIDE DIVERGENT PULLS ON BONES OR BONES THEY CONNECT WITH

A

FORCE COUPLE

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12
Q

T OR F: EVERY MOVEMENT PRODUCED MUST INVOLVE ALL MUSCLE ACTIONS (ECCENTRIC, ISOMETRIC, CONCENTRIC) AND ALL FUNCTIONS (AGONISTS, SYNERGISTS, STABILIZERS AND ANTAGONISTS) TO ENSURE PROPER PROPER JOINT MOTION AS WELL TO ELIMINATE UNWANTED OR UNNECESSARY MOTION.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

TO ENSURE HMS MOVES PROPERLY, MUST EXHIBIT PROPER FORCE COUPLE RELATIONSHIPS, WHICH CAN ONLY HAPPEN IF MUSCLES AND JOINTS ARE WHAT ?

A

MUSCLES ARE AT RIGHT LENGTH TENSION RELATIONSHIP AND JOINTS HAVE PROPER ANTHROKINEMATICS (JOINT MOTION)

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14
Q

TRUNK ROTATION USED MUSCLES

A

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL OBLIQUES

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15
Q

UPWARD ROTATION OF SCAPULA USED MUSCLES

A

UPPER TRAPEZIUS AND LOWER PORTION OF SERRATUS ANTERIOR

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16
Q

USED MUSCLES TO PRODUCE HIP AND KNEE EXTENSION DURING WALKING, RUNNING, STAIR CLIMBING, ETC

A

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS, QUADRICEPS AND CALF MUSCLES

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17
Q

USED MUSCLES WHEN PERFORMING PLANTARFLEXION AT FOOT AND ANKLE COMPLEX

A

GASTROCNEMIUS, PERONEUS LONGUS, TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

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18
Q

USED MUSCLES WHEN PERFORMING SHOULDER ABDUCTION

A

DELTOID AND ROTATOR CUFF

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19
Q

AMOUNT OF FORCE THAT HMS CAN PRODUCE IS NOT ONLY DEPENDENT ON MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT AND MUSCLE SIZE BUT ALSO ON WHAT ?

A

LEVER SYSTEM OF JOINT

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20
Q

ATTACHED TO BONE BY TENDONS AND PRODUCE MOVEMENT BY BENDING AT MOVABLE JOINTS

A

SKELETAL MUSCLES

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21
Q

CAUSED BY MUSCLES PULLING ON BONES; MUSCLES CANNOT ACTIVELY PUSH

A

JOINT MOTION

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22
Q

PARTICULAR ATTACHMENTS OF MUSCLES TO BONES WILL DETERMINE WHAT ?

A

HOW MUCH FORCE MUSCLE IS CAPABLE OF GENERATING

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23
Q

IN HUMAN BODY THE FULCRUM IS WHAT ?

A

JOINT AXIS

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24
Q

IN HUMAN BODY WHAT ARE THE LEVERS ?

A

BONES

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25
Q

IN HUMAN BODY WHAT CREATES THE MOTION (EFFORT) ?

A

MUSCLES

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26
Q

IN HUMAN BODY, WHAT CREATES THE RESISTANCE ?

A

WEIGHT OF BODY PART OR WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT

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27
Q

LEVERS ARE CLASSIFIED FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD CLASS DEPENDING ON WHAT ?

A

ON RELATIONS AMONG FULCRUM, THE EFFORT, AND THE RESISTANCE

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28
Q

WHAT LEVER CLASS HAVE FULCRUM IN MIDDLE (LIKE A SEESAW) ?

A

FIRST CLASS LEVERS

29
Q

WHAT LEVER CLASS HAVE RESISTANCE IN MIDDLE (WITH FULCRUM AND EFFORT ON EITHER SIDE) (I.E. PUSH UPS, CALF RAISES ,WHEELBARROW) ?

A

SECOND CLASS LEVERS

30
Q

WHAT LEVER CLASS HAS EFFORT PLACED B/W RESISTANCE AND FULCRUM (EFFORT ALWAYS TRAVELS SHORTER DISTANCE AND MUST BE GREATER THAN RESISTANCE) ?

A

THIRD CLASS LEVERS

31
Q

MOST LIMBS OF HUMAN BODY ARE OPERATED AS WHAT CLASS OF LEVERS ?

A

THIRD CLASS LEVERS

32
Q

MOVEMENT OF BONES AROUND THE JOINTS

A

ROTARY MOTION

33
Q

FORCE THAT PRODUCES ROTATION; COMMON UNIT IS NEWTON METER OR NM

A

TORQUE

34
Q

IN RESISTANCE TRAINING, WHAT IS APPLIED SO WE CAN MOVE OUR JOINTS ?

A

TORQUE

35
Q

THE AMOUNT OF LEVERAGE HMS WILL HAVE (FOR ANY GIVEN MOVEMENT) DEPENDS ON WHAT ?

A

ON THE LEVERAGE OF MUSCLES IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE

36
Q

THE CLOSER THE WEIGHT IS TO WHAT THE LESS TORQUE IT PRODUCES ?

A

CLOSER WEIGHT IS TO POINT OF ROTATION (JOINT)

37
Q

THE FARTHER AWAY WEIGHT IS FROM POINT OF ROTATION WHAT MORE WHAT I CREATES ?

A

TORQUE

38
Q

MOTOR RESPONSE TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI

A

MOTOR BEHAVIOR

39
Q

HOW THE CNS INTEGRATES INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SENSORY INFORMATION WITH PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES TO PRODUCE MOTOR RESPONSE

A

MOTOR CONTROL

40
Q

INTEGRATION OF MOTOR CONTROL PROCESSES THROUGH PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE, LEADING TO RELATIVELY PERMANENT CHANGE IN CAPACITY TO PRODUCE SKILLED MOVEMENTS

A

MOTOR LEARNING

41
Q

CHANGE IN MOTOR SKILL BEHAVIOR OVER TIME THROUGHOUT LIFESPAN

A

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

42
Q

COLLECTIVE STUDY OF MOTOR CONTROL, MOTOR LEARNING AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

A

MOTOR BEHAVIOR

43
Q

CONCERNED WITH WHAT CNS STRUCTURES ARE INVOLVED WITH MOTOR BEHAVIOR TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT

A

MOTOR CONTROL

44
Q

GROUPS OF MUSCLES THAT ARE RECRUITED BY CNS TO PROVIDE MOVEMENT

A

MUSCLE SYNERGIES

45
Q

CUMULATIVE SENSORY INPUT TO CNS FROM ALL MECHANORECEPTORS THAT SENSE POSITION AND LIMB MOVEMENTS

A

PROPRIOCEPTION

46
Q

COOPERATION OF THE NERVOUS AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM IN GATHERING AND INTERPRETING INFO AND EXECUTING MOVEMENT

A

SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION

47
Q

IMPORTANT CONCEPT IN MOTOR CONTROL WHEN CNS RECRUITS MUSCLES BY GROUPS

A

MUSCLE SYNERGIES

48
Q

PROPRIOCEPTION USES INFO FROM MECHANORECEPTORS (MUSCLE SPINDLE, GTO, AND JOINT RECEPTORS) TO PROVIDE INFO ABOUT WHAT ?

A

BODY POSITION, MOVEMENT, AND SENSATION AS IT PERTAINS TO MUSCLE AND JOINT FORCE

49
Q

PROPRIOCEPTION CAN BE ALTERED AFTER WHAT ?

A

INJURY

50
Q

TO ENHANCE ONES PROPRIOCEPTIVE CAPABILITIES TO INCREASE POSTURAL CONTROL AND DECREASE TISSUE OVERLOAD, ONE MUST TRAIN WHAT ?

A

CORE AND BALANCE

51
Q

USING IMPROPER FORM WILL DEVELOP WHAT LEADING TO MOVEMENT COMPENSATIONS AND POTENTIAL INJURY ?

A

DEVELOP IMPROPER SENSORY INFORMATION DELIVERED TO CNS

52
Q

USE OF SENSORY INFO AND SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION TO HELP HUMAN MOVEMENT SYSTEM IN MOTOR LEARNING

A

FEEDBACK

53
Q

PROCESS WHEREBY SENSORY INFORMATION IS USED BY BODY TO REACTIVELY MONITOR MOVEMENT AND ENVIRONMENT

A

INTERNAL FEEDBACK

54
Q

INFO PROVIDED BY SOME EXTERNAL SOURCE, SUCH AS HEALTH AND FITNESS PROFESSIONAL, VIDEOTAPE, MIRROR, OR HR MONITOR, TO SUPPLEMENT INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

A

EXTERNAL FEEDBACK

55
Q

FOR A MOVEMENT TO OCCUR REPEATEDLY SENSORY INFO AND SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION MUST BE USED TO AID HMS IN DEVELOPMENT OF WHAT ?

A

PERMANENT NEURAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MOTOR PATTERNS (FEEDBACK)

56
Q

INTERNAL FEEDBACK (OR SENSORY FEEDBACK) IS WHEN SENSORY INFO IS USED BY BODY VIA WHAT TO REACTIVELY MONITOR MOVEMENT AND ENVIRONMENT ?

A

VIA LENGTH TENSION RELATIONSHIP (POSTURE), FORCE COUPLE RELATIONSHIPS, AND ARTHROKINEMATICS

57
Q

2 MAJOR FORMS OF EXTERNAL FEEDBACK

A

KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS AND KNOWLEDGE OF PERFORMANCE

58
Q

USED AFTER COMPLETION OF MOVEMENT TO HELP INFORM CLIENT ABOUT OUTCOME OF PERFORMANCE (I.E. TELLING CLIENT SQUATS LOOKED GOOD AND ASKING IF CLIENT CAN FEEL OR SEE GOOD FORM)

A

KNOWLEDGE OF RESULT

59
Q

UTILIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS HELPS IMPROVE WHAT ?

A

NEUROMUSCULAR EFFICIENCY

60
Q

PROVIDES INFO ABOUT QUALITY OF MOVEMENT DURING EXERCISE; GETS CLIENT INVOLVED IN OWN SENSORY PROCESS (I.E. ASKING CLIENT IF THEY FELT OR LOOKED DIFFERENT DURING REPS OF SQUATS)

A

KNOWLEDGE OF PERFORMANCE

61
Q

PROVIDE CLIENT SUPPLEMENTAL SENSORY INPUT TO HELP CREATE AWARENESS OF DESIRED ACTION

A

EXTERNAL FEEDBACK

62
Q

EXCESSIVE USE OF WHAT CAN NEGATIVELY AFFECT SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION AND MOTOR LEARNING AND ULTIMATELY MOVEMENT PATTERNS

A

EXCESSIVE USE OF EXTERNAL FEEDBACK

63
Q

CLIENT PRACTICING REPEATED SQUATS TO CREATE PERMANENT CHANGES IN TECHNIQUE ARE DISPLAYING WHAT ?

A

MOTOR LEARNING

64
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION ON OPPOSITE SIDE OF BODY

A

CONTRALATERAL

65
Q

PLANE OF MOTION WHERE HAMMER CURLS OCCUR

A

SAGITTAL PLANE

66
Q

POSITION ON SAME SIDE OF BODY

A

IPSILATERAL

67
Q

SCAPULAR ELEVATION REFERS TO WHAT MOTION OF SCAPULA ?

A

SUPERIOR

68
Q

SHOULDER ELEVATION REFERS TO WHAT MOTION OF SCAPULA

A

SUPERIOR

NASM CPT EXAM STUDY GUIDE (27 decks)

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