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PSYC 204 > Ch5: Sex Hormones & Human Sexuality > Flashcards

Ch5: Sex Hormones & Human Sexuality Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Etymology of hormone

A

Greek “ormao” = to excite or arouse

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2
Q

Organs that secrete hormones into blood, affecting distant tissues!!

A

Endocrine organs

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3
Q

TRUE/FALSE: you need a shit ton of hormones to kick-start puberty

A

False!!! Small traces of hormones kick-start puberty!

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4
Q

Main sex hormones??? (3)

A

Androgens, estrogens, progestogens

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5
Q

~ the master gland~ that controls most other endocrine glands

A

Pituitary!

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6
Q

Birth rates highest in which season?

A

Late summer & early autumn

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7
Q

Birth rates lowest in???

A

Late winter;;;; early spring;;;;

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8
Q

What people doing in the darkest winter months?

A

Conceiving babies

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9
Q

What people doing in late summer and early autumn?

A

Giving birth

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10
Q

Menstrual cycle has 3 phases;;; what they called?

A

Follicular, ovulatory, luteal

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11
Q

Follicular phase is also the _____ phase.

A

Proliferative

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12
Q

What happens during the follicular phase?

A

(Same as proliferative phase)

Menstruation occurs at the very beginning

Also buildup of endometrium stimulated by estrogen

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13
Q

What happens during the ovulatory phase?

A

Spike in 2 hormones, promoting ovulation and ovaries’ production of estrogen and progesterone

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14
Q

What hormones increase during ovulatory phase?

A

Spike in 2 hormones

  • luteinizing hormone
  • follicle stimulating hormone
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15
Q

What happens during the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone increases complexity of endometrium

without conception, period will occur in next phase (which is follicular)

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16
Q

How does hormonal contraceptive work?

A
  • Combination pills: suppress hormones that occur during ovulation: luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
  • Stops ovulation, may also change cervical mucous and lining of the womb to prevent implantation
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17
Q

PMS/PMDD: negative mood most commonly reported during _______ phase of menstrual cycle

A

Luteal

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18
Q

Has a direct relationship between ovarian hormones and mood been established?

A

No

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19
Q

True or false: administering estrogen has a consistently negative effect on people’s mood.

A

False: administering estrogen has mixed effects

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20
Q

Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone have a role in male development and reproduction as well. Describe these roles. (2 points)

A

Luteinizing hormone binds to cells inside testes, sends signal to secrete testosterone. Testosterone is needed for sperm production.

Levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone remain relatively constant in boys/men following puberty.

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21
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics? 2 pts

A

Developed during puberty

Triggered by activation of HPG axis

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22
Q

What’s that HPG axis again?

A

Hypothalamus pituitary gonadal axis

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23
Q

Hypothalamus role in sex

A

Highly responsive to hormones!
PRODUCES sex hormones
Influences sexual acts
Influences people’s perception of sexuality?

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24
Q

Male secondary sex characteristics (4)

A

Increased muscle mass
Facial hair
Growth of testes
Lowering of voice

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25
Female secondary sex characteristics
Widening of hips and pelvis Growth of breasts Increased fat tissue in arms, thighs, and buttocks
26
HOW HORMONES AFFECT SEXUALITY
Title card
27
What hormone, when administered, increases genital sexual arousal?
Testosterone
28
What hormone, when administered, increases vaginal wall thickness, elasticity, lubrications, and vasocongestion?
Estradiol
29
There is a certain type of hormones that is thought to be linked to sex drive and desire...what is it?
Androgens
30
True or false: sexual activity increases levels of testosterone
True for women! “Probably true” for men
31
For women, what actions impact sex-related hormones? 2points
Intimate physical contact, even of a non-sexual nature, can increase testosterone in women. Sexual arousal decreases cortisol and increases estradiol.
32
In men, do T levels always change in response to sexual context?
Their T levels MAY vary in response to sexual context.
33
Hormonal changes in response to your romantic partner just being there
Lowers testosterone, both in same-sex relationships and mixed-sex relationships
34
Sexual hormones change in response to both actions and thoughts! What are the hormonal changes experienced in response to sexual thoughts? (1 per gender)
Men: increase testosterone Women: increase estradiol
35
OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN
Title card
36
Oxytocin is associated with... (MANY THINGS! 6 things!)
Bonding, childbirth, lactation, and maternal behaviour Increase in affiliating behaviour, psychologically lubricating the way for sexual contact Being in love!
37
What happens when u administer oxytocin
Increased perception of a potential partner’s trustworthiness and attractiveness
38
Vasopressin is associated with...
Fluid balance, heart rate, cardiovascular autonomic regulation, and multiple aspects of social and sexual functioning.
39
Pheromones are produced in what gland?
Apocrine glands (armpit and pubic areas)
40
True/false: do pheromones influence sexual behaviour of insects?
True!
41
What other species are impacted by pheromones?
Fish, reptiles, amphibians, mammals
42
What are the 4 types of pheromones?
Territorial Menstrual/fertile Sexual Maternal/infant
43
So menstrual synchrony IS a thing. What happens?
Menstrual pheromones cause women to sync up
44
MHC
Title card
45
Who can detect armpit compounds better, men or women?
Women
46
When can women best detect armpit compounds?
During fertile phase of menstrual cycle
47
When do men find women’s scent more attractive
When she’s in fertile phase
48
Do women prefer similar or dissimilar t-shirt scent?
Dissimilar overall, but when they’re on hormonal contraceptive, similar!
49
MHC & Cheating behaviour
Women with similar major histocompatibility complex to husbands are more likely to have sex outside of the relationship than men who have a dissimilar MHC :’( The cheating behaviour usually happens during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle
50
Perimenopause
occurs PRIOR to menopause Usually late forties
51
Why does perimenopause happen?
Decline in estrogen and progestogen
52
What symptoms of perimenopause may be experienced?
Hot flashes, sleep disruption, night sweats, joint pain, irritability
53
Postmenopausal
A woman who has not hard a period in one year or more
54
Generally, how old are postmenopausal women?
45-55
55
What hormonal changes occur to postmenopausal women?
Declining estradiol > change in libido
56
How can menopause affect ppl
Lower arousal, enjoyment, and ability to orgasm, sexual activity & responsiveness Perception of herself, her sexuality, and body can change
57
Most common sexual disorder among women of all ages?
“Low desire!”
58
The most common sexual disorder among women of all ages is _________ and occurs at a prevalence of _________ in Western countries.
Low desire 34-43% of women in Western countries!!
59
In postmenopausal women, what treatmen can be administered to increase sexual behaviour
Injecting estradiol-androgen Perhaps maybe CBT to relieve stress?
60
Andropause
Men: testosterone dropping
61
Non-sexual symptoms of andropause (5)
Decreased strength and energy Increased irritability Decreased well-being Changes in cognitive function Bone and muscle loss
62
Controversy within andropause discourse...
It’s likely not all because of testosterone loss! Testosterone administration does not fix this, unless there is HYPOGONADISM
63
Hypogonadism
Condition where gonads produce little to no hormone

PSYC 204 (14 decks)

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