Ch5 - The Human Body

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

The study of the body functions of a living organism in an abnormal states such as disease

Question 2

Anatomic position

Answer 2

the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward

Question 3

Frontal or coronal plane

Answer 3

Front and back portions of the body

Question 4

Transverse (axial) plane

Answer 4

top and bottom portion of the body

Question 5

Saggital (lateral) plane

Answer 5

Left and right portion of the body

Question 6

Midsaggital plane (midline)

Answer 6

A special type of sagittal plane where the body is cut in half leaving equal left and right halves

Question 7

Superior

Answer 7

the portion nearer to the head from a specific reference point

Question 8

Inferior

Answer 8

Nearer to the feet

Question 9

Lateral (outer)

Answer 9

Parts of the body that lie farther from the midline

Question 10

Medial (inner)

Answer 10

Parts that like closer to the midline

Question 11

Proximal

Answer 11

Proximal describe structures that are closer to the trunk

Question 12

Distal

Answer 12

Distal describes structures that are farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity

Question 13

Superficial

Answer 13

Superficial means closer to or on the skin

Question 14

Deep

Answer 14

Deep means farther inside the body and away from the skin

Question 15

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 15

Anterior refers to the belly side of the body another term for anterior is ventral

Question 16

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 16

Posterior refers to the spinal side of the body including the back of the hand

Question 17

Palmar

Answer 17

Front region of the hand is referred to as the palm surface

Question 18

Plantar

Answer 18

The bottom of the foot is referred to as the plantar surface

Question 19

Apex

Answer 19

The Apex (the plural is apices) is the tip of the structure

Question 20

Flexion

Answer 20

Flexion is moving the distal point of an extremity towards the trunk

Question 21

Extension

Answer 21

Extension is the motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position

Question 22

Hyperflexion

Answer 22

Hyperflexion refers to a body part that was flexed to the maximum level or even beyond the normal range of motion

Question 23

Hyper extension

Answer 23

Hyper extension refers to a body part that was extended to the maximum level or even beyond the normal range of motion

Question 24

Supination

Answer 24

Turning the palms upwards towards the sky

Question 25

Pronation

Answer 25

Turning the palms downwards toward the ground

Question 26

Trendelenburg position

Answer 26

Placing the patient in a supine position on an incline with their feet higher than their head to keep blood in the core of the body. Trendelenburg position is a position in which the patient is on a backboard or stretcher with the feet 6” to 12” higher than the head

Question 27

Shock position (modified trendelenburg’s position)

Answer 27

The head and torso are supine, and the extremities are elevated 6” to 12” to help increase blood flow to the brain

Question 28

Fowlers position

Answer 28

Semireclining position with the head elevated to help pt breathe easier and to control the airway. A patient who is sitting up with the knees bent is therefore said to be in Fowler’s position

Question 29

Recovery position

Answer 29

In this position, the patient is lying on his or her side and the bottom arm is extended straight with the head lying on it. The top knee is bent, angling the patient’s body slightly toward the floor.

Question 30

Tendons

Answer 30

Tendons are specialized tough chords or bands of dense white connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

Question 31

Ligaments

Answer 31

Ligaments are tough white bands of tissue that connect bones to each other

Question 32

Cartilage

Answer 32

Cushion between bones, cartilage is lubricated by a transparent viscous (thick) joint fluid (synovial fluid)

Question 33

Epiphyses

Answer 33

The elongation of the bone at the end

Question 34

Symphysis

Answer 34

Some joints have slight limited motion in which the bone ends are held to gather by fibrous tissue. Such a joint is called symphysis

Question 35

Synovial membrane

Answer 35

On the inner lining of the joint capsule is the synovial membrane. The special tissue makes it big lubricant called synovial fluid.

Question 36

Synovial fluid

Answer 36

This oil allows the ends of the bones to glide over each other as opposed to rubbing and grating over each other. Synovial fluid contains white blood cells to fight infections and provides nourishment to the cartilage covering the bone