ch6-10

Question 1

the movement of water across a plasma membrane occurs by

Answer 1

simple diffusion through membrane channels

Question 2

which of these statements about the facilitated diffusion of glucose is TRUE

Answer 2

carrier proteins in the cell membrane are required for transport

Question 3

if a poison such as cyanide stopped the production of ATP, which of the following trasport processes would cease

Answer 3

the movement of Na+ out of the cell

Question 4

red blood cells crenate in

Answer 4

a hypertonic solution

Question 5

plasma has an osmolality of about 300 mOsm. The osmolality of an isotonic saline is equal to

Answer 5

300 mOsm

Question 6

which of these statements comparing a 0.5 m NaCl solution and a 1.0 m glucose solution is true

Answer 6

they have the same osmolality
they have the same osmotic pressure
they are isotonic to each other
ALL OF THESE ARE TRUE

Question 7

the most important diffusable ion in the establishment of the membrane potential is

Answer 7

K-

Question 8

which of these statements regarding an increase in blood osmolality is true

Answer 8

it can occur as a result of dehydration

Question 9

in hyperkalemia, the resting membrane potential

Answer 9

it moves closer to 0 millivolts

Question 10

which of these statements about the NA/K pump is true

Answer 10

K is actively transported out of the cell

Question 11

which of these statements about carrier mediated facilitated diffusion is true

Answer 11

it is used for cellular uptake of clood glucose

Question 12

which of these is not an example of cotransport

Answer 12

movement of Na and K through the action og the Na K pumos

Question 13

the resting membrane potential of a nueron or muscle cell is

Answer 13

somewhat less negative than the potassium equilibrium potential

Question 14

suppose that gates ion channels for Na of Ca opened in the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. the membrane potential of that cell would

Answer 14

move toward the equilibrium potential for that ion
become less negative than the resting potential
move further away from the potassium resting potential
ALL OF THESE

Question 15

which of the following questions regarding second messengers is false

Answer 15

they are needed to mediate the action of nonpolar regulatory molecules

Question 16

the supporting cells that form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system are

Answer 16

Schwann cells

Question 17

a collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS is called

Answer 17

a ganglion

Question 18

which of these neurons is pseudounipolar

Answer 18

sensory neurons

Question 19

depolarization of an axon is produced by

Answer 19

inward diffusion of Na+

Question 20

repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by

Answer 20

outward diffusion of K+

Question 21

as the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an axon is increased

Answer 21

the frequency with which the action potential are produced increases

Question 22

the conduction of action potentials in a myelinated nerve fiber is

Answer 22

saltatory
without decrement
faster than in an unmyelinated axon
ALL OF THESE

Question 23

which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic potentials

Answer 23

they are all or non in amplitude

Question 24

which of these os not a characteristic of action potentials

Answer 24

Na and K gates open at the same time

Question 25

a drug that inactivates acetylcholinesterase

Answer 25

increases the ability of ACh to stimulate the muscle contraction

Question 26

postsynaptic inhibition is produced by

Answer 26

hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane

Question 27

hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane in response to glycine or GABA is produced by the opening of

Answer 27

Cl- channels

Question 28

the absolute refractory period of a neuron

Answer 28

occurs during depolarization and the first part of the repolarization phase

Question 29

which of these statements about catecholamines is folase

Answer 29

their effects are increased by the action of the enzyme catechol- O- methyltransferase

Question 30

the summation os EPSPs from a numerous presynaptic nerve fibers converging onto one postsynaptic neuron is called

Answer 30

spatial summation

Question 31

which of these statements about ACh receptors is FALSE

Answer 31

G-proteins are needed to open ion channels for nicotinic receptors

Question 32

hyperpolarization is cause by all of these neurotransmitters except

Answer 32

glutamic acid in the CNS

Question 33

which of these may be produced by the action of nitric oxide

Answer 33

dilation of blood vessels erection of penis relaxation of smooth muscles in the digestive tract LTP among neighboring synapses in the brain ALL OF THESE

Question 34

which of these statements about the precentral gyrus is true

Answer 34

it is involved in motor control | it is located in the frontal lobe

Question 35

in most people, the right hemisphere controls movement of

Answer 35

the left side of the body

Question 36

which of these statements about the basal nuclei is true

Answer 36

``` they are located in the cerebrum they contain the caudate nucleus they are involved in motor control they are part of the extrapyramidal system ALL OF THESE ```

Question 37

which of these acts a a relay center for somatesthetic sensation

Answer 37

the thalamus

Question 38

which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is FALSE

Answer 38

it contains the apneustic center

Question 39

the reticular activating system

Answer 39

is composed of neurons that are part of the reticular formation is a loos arrangement of neurons with many interconnecting synapses is located in the brain stem and midbrain functions to arouse the cerebral cortex to incoming sensory information ALL OF THESE

Question 40

in the control of emotion and motivation the limbic system works together with

Answer 40

the hypothalamus

Question 41

verbal ability predominates in

Answer 41

the left hemisphere of right handed people | the left hemisphere of most lefthanded people

Question 42

the consolidation of short term memory into long term memory appears to be a function of

Answer 42

the hippocamus

Question 43

comprehension good; can speak and write, but cannot read

Answer 43

damage to angular gyrus

Question 44

comprehension good, speech slow and difficult but motor ability not changed

Answer 44

damage to brocas area

Question 45

comprehension poor; speech fluent but meaningless

Answer 45

damage to wernickes area

Question 46

ADH and oxytocin are synthesized by supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, which are located in

Answer 46

they hypothalamus

Question 47

the superior colliculi are twin bodies within the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain that are involved in

Answer 47

visual reflexes

Question 48

the consolidation of declarative memory requires he _____; working memory requires the ____

Answer 48

medial temporal lobe; prefrontal cortex

Question 49

when a visceral organ is denervated

Answer 49

it becomes hypersensitive to subsequent stimulation

Question 50

parasympathetic ganglia are located

Answer 50

next to or within the organs innervated

Question 51

the neurotransmitter of preganglionic sympathetic fibers is

Answer 51

acetycholine

Question 52

which of these results from stimulation of alpha- adrenergic receptors

Answer 52

constriction of blood vessels

Question 53

which of these fibers release norepinephrine

Answer 53

postganglionic sympathetic fibers in the heart

Question 54

the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are cooperative in

Answer 54

the reproductive system

Question 55

propranolol is a beta blocker. it would therefore cause

Answer 55

slowing of heart rate

Question 56

atropine blocks parasympathetic nerve effects. it would therefore cause

Answer 56

``` dilation of pupils decreased mucous secretion decreased movements of the digestive tract increased heart rate ALL OF THESE ```

Question 57

which area of the brain is most directly involved in the reflex control of the autonomic system

Answer 57

medulla oblongata

Question 58

the two subtypes of cholinergic receptors are

Answer 58

nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 59

a fall in cyclic AMP within the target cell occurs when norepinephrine binds to which of the adrenergic receptors

Answer 59

a2

Question 60

a drug that serves as an agonist for a2 receptors can be used to

Answer 60

decrease the heart rate

Question 61

utricle and saccule

Answer 61

otolithic membrane

Question 62

semicircular canals

Answer 62

cupula

Question 63

cochlea

Answer 63

basilar membrane

Question 64

the dissociation of rhodopsin in the rods in response to light causes

Answer 64

the Na channels to become blocked the rods to secrete less neurotransmitter the bipolar cells to become either stimulates or in hibited ALL OF THESE

Question 65

tonic receptors

Answer 65

produce action potentials at a greater frequency as the generator potential is increased

Question 66

cutaneous receptive fields are smallest in

Answer 66

the fingertips

Question 67

the process of lateral inhibition

Answer 67

increases sensory acuity

Question 68

the receptors for taste are

Answer 68

specialized epithelial cells

Question 69

which of these statements about the utricle and saccule are true

Answer 69

they are otolith organs | they provide a sense of linear acceleration

Question 70

because fibers of the optic nerve that originate in the nasal halves of each retina cross over at the optic chiasma, each lateral geniculate receives input from

Answer 70

the contralateral visual field for each eye

Question 71

when a person with normal vision views an object from a distance of at least 20 feet

Answer 71

the ciliary muscles are relaxed the suspensory ligament is tight the lens is in its most flat, least convex shape ALL OF THESE

Question 72

glasses with concave lenses help correct

Answer 72

myopia

Question 73

parasympathetic nerves that stimulate constriction of the iris are activated by nuerons in

Answer 73

the superior colliculus

Question 74

a bar of light in a specific part of the retina, qith a particular length and orientation, is the most effective stimulus for

Answer 74

simple cortical cells

Question 75

the ability of the lens to increase its curvature and maintain focus at close distances is called

Answer 75

accommodation

Question 76

which of these sensory modalitiesis transmitted directly to cerebral cortex without being relayed through the thalamus

Answer 76

smell

Question 77

stimulation of membrane protein receptors by binding to specific molecules is not responsible for

Answer 77

sour taste sensations

Question 78

epithelial cells release transmitter chemicals that excite sensory neurons in all of these senses except

Answer 78

smell