ch6 defintions Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
prognathia
A
mandible that is overshot (aka sow mouth)
2
Q
brachygnathia
A
shortened mandible (aka parrot mouth)
3
Q
labia
A
lips (singular labium)
4
Q
buccal
A
pt or directed towards cheeck
5
Q
rugae
A
mucous membranes with irregular folds (hard palate/stomach)
6
Q
palate parts
A
hard: bony/rostral AND soft: flexible/caudal (closes off nasal during swallowing)
7
Q
tongue’s job
A
grooming, tasting, articulating sound, processing food
8
Q
Papillae types
A
filiform (threadlike), fungiform (mushroom like), vallate (cupshaped) latter two contain taste buds
9
Q
frenulum
A
connective band of tissue (tongue to ventral surface of oral cavity)
10
Q
dentition
A
how teeth are arranged in mandibular and maxillary arcades
11
Q
deciduous dentition
A
baby teeth
12
Q
permanent dentition
A
adult teeth
13
Q
retained deciduous dentition
A
unshed baby tooth
14
Q
4 types of teeth
A
1 incisor (front/used for cutting): abbrev I
2 canine, fang, or cuspid: one point, abbrev C
3 premolar or bicuspids: two points, abbrev P
4 molar: grinding use, abbrev M
15
Q
Dental formula
A
how animals number/type of teeth written in shorthand
* add all together is total dentition (teeth count)
16
Q
Triadan system
A
each tooth has 3 digit number
* Pt upper: right/left/, lower: left/right
17
Q
Tooth parts crown
A
enamel; hard/bonelike
dentin: connective tissue surrounding pulp
pulp (tooth middle): nerves/blood vessels/loosed connective tissue
18
Q
tooth parts neck
A
gingiva: gums/ forms mouth lining
gingival margin:
19
Q
tooth parts roots
A
cementum: (bone like/connective tissue, covers root)
apical foramen: where nerves/ blood vessels enter tooth
alveolar bone: compact bone- forms tooth socket (singular alveoli)
periodontia: structures that support teeth
periodontal ligament: collagen fibers anchors to cementum/bone
20
Q
achalasia
A
inability to relax smooth muscles of gi(esophagus- hard to swallow food)
21
Q
adontia
A
no teeth
22
Q
aerophagia
A
swallowing air
23
Q
anal sacculitis
A
inflammation of anal sacs
24
Q
inspissation
A
thickening or dry anal gland fluid (in animals with anal sacculitis)
25
anorexia
lack/loss of appetite
26
ascariasis
roundworm infestation
27
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen
28
atresia
narrowing, blockage, or absence of normal body opening or tubular organ
29
bloat
gas accumulation in
-stomach (monogastric)
-or in rumen, abomasum, or cecum (ruminants) AKA ruminal tympany
30
borborymus
rumbling noise in GI tract (gas movement)
31
bruxism
involuntary grinding teeth
32
cachexia
general ill health/malnutrition (describes cancer PT condition)
33
cholecystisis
inflammation of gall bladder
34
cirrhosis
disease that disturbs function/ structure of liver
35
colic
severe abdominal pain
36
colitis
inflammation of colon
37
constipation
prolonged GI transit time- hard/dry stool
38
coprophagia
eat poop
39
cribbing
complusive equine behavior... bite object (like fence)/air inhaled
40
dehydration
excessive loss of body water or fluid
41
dental calculus/ or tartar
mineralized deposit on teeth
42
dental caries
cavity- decay/decalcification= hole in tooth
43
diarrhea
abnormal frequency/liquidity of poop
44
displaced abomasum
(ruminants disease) 4th stomach compartment trapped under rumen
-LDA (left)- more common
-RDA (right)
45
diverticulitis
inflammation of pouch or pouches in the wall of a tubular organ.
--um: pouch
--a: pouches
46
dyschezia
difficulty pooping
47
dysphagia
difficulty eating or swallowing
48
emaciation
wasting or excessive leanness
49
emesis
vomiting
--contents vomited: vomitus
50
Abbreviations: to take orally
Per os or PO
51
Abbreviations: to take nothing orally
NPO
52
enteritis
inflammation of small intestine
53
entercolitis
inflammation of small and large intestine
54
epulsis
benign tumor coming from periodontal mucous membranes
55
eructation
belching or raising gas orally from stomach
56
esophageal reflux AKA GERD
return of stomach contents to esophagus
57
eviscerate
remove or expose internal organs
58
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency AKA EPI
metabolic disease where pancreas doesn't secrete adequate amount of digestive enzymes
-symptoms: weight loss, fatty stools, borborygmus
59
fecalith AKA coprolith
stone like fecal mass
60
flatulance
excessive gas in gastrointestinal tract
61
gastric dialation
stomach fills with air/expands
-seen in deep chested canines
62
gastric dialation voluvus aka GDV
stomach fills with air/ expands/ stomach twists on itself
63
gastritis
inflammation of stomach
64
gastroenteritis
inflammation of stomach and small intestines
65
gingival hyperplasia
overgrowth of gingiva, results in hard, nonpainful swellings of gingiva
66
gingivitis
inflammation of gums
67
glossitis
inflammation of tongue
68
hematemesis
vomiting blood
69
hematochezia
bloody stools
70
hemoperitoneum
blood in the peritoneum
71
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
72
hepatoma
liver tumor
73
hepatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the liver
74
hiatal hernia
protrusion of part of stomach thru esophageal opening in diaphragm
75
hydrops AKA dropsy
abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or body cavity
76
hyperglycemia
elevated blood sugar levels
77
hypoglycemia
depressed blood sugar levels
78
ileitis
inflammation of the ileum
79
ileus
stoppage of intestinal peristalsis
80
impaction
Something that is tightly wedged into a body or body part
81
inappetence
lack of desire to eat
82
incontinence
inability to control
83
inguinal hernia
protrusion of bowel thru inguinal canal
---protrusion seen in groin
84
intussusception
telescoping of one part of intestine into another adjacent
85
jaundice AKA icterus
yellow discoloration of skin/mucous membranes
86
lethargy
drowsiness/ indifference
87
malabsorption
impaired uptake of nutrients from intestine
88
malocclusion
abnormal contact between teeth
89
megacolon
abnormally enlarged colon
90
megaesophagus
abnormally enlarged esophagus
91
melana
black stools contained digested blood from upper gi
92
nausea
stomach upset or urge to vomit
93
obstruction
complete stoppage or impairment to passage
94
oronasal fistula
abnormal opening between oral / nasal cavity
95
palatoschisis aka cleft palate
congenital fissure of roof of mouth
- may involve upper lip, hard or soft palates
96
perforating ulcer
erosion thru entire thickness of a surface
97
periapical abcess
inflammation of tissues/ collection of pus surrounding apical portion of tooth root due to pulpal disease
98
periodontitis
inflammation of tissue surrounding teeth
99
pica
eating or licking abnormal substances
100
plaque
small differentiated area on body surface
- in GI: mixed colony of bacteria, leukocytes, and salivary products that adhere to tooth enamel (dental plaque)
101
polydipsia
excessive thirst or drinking
102
polyp
small growth on a mucous membrane
103
polyphagia
excessive eating or swallowing
104
Lesser omentum
A type of folded peritoneum that connects the stomach to other visceral organs.
105
Greater omentum
A type of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to the dorsal abdominal wall (apron)
106
Mastification
Chewing
107
Material taken in orally
Injusta
108
Three names for excessive salivation
Ptyalism, hypersialosis, hypersalivation
109
Deglutition
Process of swallowing
110
Another name for pharynx
Throat
111
Sphincter
Ring-Like muscle that constricts an opening
112
Glandular stomach AKA true stomach (in monogastric/ruminants)
Produces secretions for digestion
All animals have:
-monogastric: only one stomach
-ruminants: Abomasum
113
Intestinal Flora
Normal microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract
114
Cud
Regurgitated food particles, fiber, rumen fluid, and rumen microorganisms
115
Rumen aka paunch
Largest compartment, serves as fermentation vat
- two parts: ventral sac and dorsal sac
116
Reticulum AKA honeycomb
2ND stomach compartment. Most cranial compartment , lined with mucous membrane which contains numerous intersecting ridges
117
Abomasum aka true stomach
Fourth compartment ruminant stomach. Chyme is made here.
- contains: hydrochloric acid, glandular, secretes digestive enzymes (protease, pepsin, lipase)
118
Omasum
Third compartment ruminant stomach.
- Short blunt papillae that grind food
-has contractions which squeeze fluid out of food
119
Mesentery
Peritoneal fold, attaches small intestine to dorsal abdominal wall.
120
Chyle
Partially digested food in small intestine which becomes a Milky fluid
121
Haustra
Acts as buckets and slows down material. So microbes have more digestion time
122
Teniae
Longitudinal smooth muscle bands in the cecal wall (horses/pigs)
123
Flexures
Bends or curves
124
Ballottement
Diagnostic technique hitting or tapping wall of fluid-filled structure against solid structure. Determines pregnancy and abdominal contents
125
Incisional
Part of tissue is removed and examined
126
Excisional
Entire tissue is removed
127
Preprandial versus postprandial blood tests
pre is before eating, post is after eating
128
Esophagoscopy
Endoscopic exam of esophagus
129
Gastroscopy
Endoscopic view of inner surface of stomach
130
Hemoccult
A test for hidden blood in stool
(Occult meanshidden)
131
Ultrasound
Imaging of internal body structures by recording echoes of sound waves
132
Radiography of GI system
Shows foreign bodies, torsions, organ distension or enlargement, and some masses
133
Elevated amylase levels...
Indicates pancreatitis
134
Abdominocentesis
Surgical puncture to remove abdominal fluid
135
Abomasopexy
Surgical fixation of abomasum of ruminance to abdominal wall
136
Anastomosis
Surgical connection between two tubular or hollow structures
137
Anoplasty
Surgical repair of the anus
138
Bolus
Rounded mass of food or large pharmaceutical preparation or to give something rapidly
139
Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
140
Colectomy
Surgical removal of the colon
141
Colostomy
Surgically created opening between: and body surface
142
Colotomy
Surgical incision in the colon
143
Crown or cap
Teeth restoration. Materials cemented in place can cap or completely cover tooth
144
Drench
Give medication in liquid form orally and forcing the animal to drink
145
Enterostomy
Surgically created opening between small intestine and abdominal wall
146
Esophagoplasty
Surgical repair of the esophagus
147
Gastroduodenostomy
Surgical removal of part of the stomach and duodenum and making a connection between them
148
Gastrectomy/ partial gastrectomy
Surgical removal of all are part of stomach.
149
Float
Instrument used to file a horse's premolar or molar. Also describes the procedure
150
Ileostomy
Surgically created opening between illium and abdominal wall
151
Ileectomy
Surgical removal of the ilium
152
Hepatatomy
Incision into the liver
153
Gingivectomy
Surgical removal of the gums tissue
154
Gavage
Forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach
155
Stoma
An opening created during a gastrostomy.
156
Effluent
Discharge or flow from a stoma, created by a stomy surgery
157
Laparotomy
Abdominal incision
158
Nasogastric intubation
Placement of tube through the nose into the stomach
159
Orogastric intubation aka stomach tube
Placement of tube from the mouth into the stomach
160
Palatoplasty
Surgical repair of a cleft palate
161
Trocarization
Insertion of a pointed instrument (trocar) into body, cavity or organ thru a cannula (rigid hollow tube). So minimally invasive.
-Used for acute cases of bloat
- in ruminal bloat it is called ruminal paracentesis
162
Peristalsis
Series of wavelike contraction of smooth muscle.
-Ex food moves down the esophagus by gravity and peristalsis
163
Pelvic flexure
Bend in the: near the pelvis
164
Diaphragmatic flexure
Bend in the: near the diaphragm.
165
166
167
