Chapter 2 med term Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
bones
(3)
A
oste/o, oss/e, or oss/i
2
Q
joints
A
arthr/o
3
Q
cartilage
A
chondr/o
4
Q
fascia (2)
A
fasc/i or fasci/o
4
Q
tendons
(3)
A
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
5
Q
muscles
A
my/o
6
Q
heart
A
cardi/o
7
Q
arteries
A
arteri/o
8
Q
blood (2)
A
hem/o or hemat/o
8
Q
veins
A
ven/o or phleb/o
9
Q
lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes
A
lymph/o
10
Q
tonsils
A
tonsill/o
11
Q
spleen
A
splen/o
12
Q
thymus
A
thym/o
13
Q
nose or nares (2)
A
nas/o or rhin/o
14
Q
larynx
A
laryng/o
14
Q
lungs
A
pneum/o or pneumon/o
15
Q
trachea
A
trache/o
15
Q
pharynx
A
pharyng/o
16
Q
mouth (2)
A
or/o or stomat/o
17
Q
esophagus
A
esophag/o
18
Q
stomach
A
gastr/o
19
Q
small intestine
A
enter/o
20
Q
large intestine
A
col/o or colon/o
21
liver
hepat/o
22
pancreas
pancreat/o
23
kidneys
ren/o or nephr/o
24
ureters
ureter/o
25
urinary bladder
cyst/o
26
urethra
urethr/o
27
nerves
neur/o or neur/i
28
brain
encephal/o
29
spinal cord
myel/o
30
eyes
(4)
ophthalm/o, ocul/o, opt/o, or opt/i
31
sight
optic/o
32
ears
(3/2)
ot/o, aur/o, or aur/i
audit/o or aud/i
33
external ear (sound)
acoust/o or acous/o
34
skin
(3)
dermat/o, derm/o, cutane/o
35
adrenals
adren/o
36
gonads
gonad/o
37
pineal
pineal/o
38
pituitary
pituit/o
39
thyroid (2)
thyroid/o or thyr/o
40
testes
(4)
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, or testicul/o
41
ovaries (2)
ovari/o, or oophor/o
42
uterus
(5)
hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i, metri/o, or uter/o
43
nipple or any thin membrane
thel/o
44
tissue
hist/o
45
middle
mes/o
46
fat
adip/o
47
glands
aden/o
48
new
ne/o and -neo
49
study of diseases
etiology
49
first
prot/o
49
-plasm
formative material of cells
49
-oma
tumor or neoplasm
49
-plasia
describes formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell NUMBERS
49
-trophy
describes formation, development, and increase in SIZE of tissue/cells
49
Ventral
belly or underside of body or body part
50
Dorsal
refers to the back
51
Cranial
towards the head
52
Caudal
towards the tail
53
Anterior
front of the body
- describes organs or body parts
54
Posterior
rear of the body
55
Rostral
toward nose end of the head
56
Cephalic
pertaining to the head
57
Medial
toward the midline
58
Lateral
away from the midline
59
Superior
uppermost, above, towards the head
60
Inferior
lowermost, below, or toward the tail
61
Proximal
nearest the midline or beginning of a structure
62
Distal
Farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure.
63
Superficial or External
near the surface
64
Deep or internal
away from the surface
65
palmar
caudal surface of the manus (including the carpus)
66
plantar
caudal surface of pes (includes tarsus)
67
midsaggital plane or median
divides body in equal left/right halves
68
Transverse or horizontal or cross-sectional plane
divides body into cranial and caudal parts
69
Dorsal or Frontal or Coronal Plane
divides the body into ventral and dorsal
70
sagittal plane
divides body into unequal left/right parts
71
anomaly or defect
deviation from what is considered normal
72
tissue
specialized cells similar in structure and function
73
4 types of tissue
Epithelial tissue, Endothelium, Mesothelium, Connective Tissue
74
Epithelial tissue or Epithelium
covers internal/external body surfaces in variety of arrangements
75
Endothelium
cellular covering that forms lining of internal organs/blood vessels
76
Mesothelium
cellular covering that forms lining of serous membranes
ex peritoneum
77
Connective Tissue
adds support/structure to the body by holding the organs in place/binds body parts together
ex Adipose or fat
78
Muscle tissue (and 3 types)
contains cell material with ability to contract/ relax.
(skeletal, smooth, and cardiac)
79
Nervous tissue
cells with ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
80
anaplasia
Change in structure in cells/orientation to each other
81
aplasia
lack of development of organ, tissue, or cell
82
Dysplasia
abnormal growth or development of organ, tissue or cell
83
Hyperplasia
abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in organ tissue or cell
84
Neoplasia
abnormal new growth of tissue, where multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and more rapid than normal
85
Atrophy
decrease in size or wasting of organ, tissue, or cell
86
Dystrophy
defective growth in size of organ tissue or cell
87
Hypertrophy
increase in size of organ tissue or cell
88
Exocrine glands
cell groups that secrete chemical substances in to ducts that lead out of the body or organ
89
Endocrine glands
cell groups that secrete chemical substances directly into bloodstream
90
Organ
part of the body that performs special fuction(s)
91
hypoplasia
incomplete or less than normal development in organ tissue or cell
92
benign tumor
not reoccuring
93
malignant turmor
reoccuring tumor
94
anatomy
study of body structure
95
physiology
study of body functions
96
pathology
study of nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions.
97
pathophysiology
study of changes in functions caused by disease.
98
etiology
study of diseases
99
dental arcade
how teeth are arranged in the mouth
100
lingual surface
tooth surface of mandible that faces the tongue
101
buccal surface
aspect of tooth that faces the cheek
102
occlusal surface
aspects of the tooth that meet when you chew
103
labial surface
aspect of tooth that faces the lips
104
contact surface (2 types)
aspect of the tooth that touch other teeth
ex mesial/distal
105
mesial contact surface
closest to the midline of dental arcade
106
distal contact surface
farthest from midline of dental arcade
107
Palatal surface
tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue
108
body cavity
a hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs
109
cranial cavity
contains the brain in the skull
110
thoracic cavity or chest cavity
contains heart and lungs w/in ribs btwn neck and diaphragm
111
spinal cavity
contains spinal cord (within spinal column)
112
abdominal cavity
contains major organs of digestion (btwn diaphragm and pelvic cavity)
113
Peritoneal cavity
hollow space within abdominal cavity (btwn parietal/visceral peritoneum)
114
pelvic cavity
contains reproductive and some excretory systems organs (urinary/rectum) bounded by pelvic bones
115
thorax
chest region located btwn neck and diaphragm
116
abdomen
portion of body btwn thorax/ pelvis
117
groin AKA inguinal area
lower area of abdomen adjacent to thigh
118
membranes
thin layer of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, divide a space or an organ
119
peritoneum (2)
membrane lining of walls of abdominal/pelvic cavities/covers some organs
ex visceral/parietal perineum
120
visceral peritoneum
inner layer of peritoneum that surrounds abdominal organsp
121
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
122
parietal peritoneum
outer layer of peritoneum that lines abdominal/pelvic cavities
123
umbilicus AKA navel
pit in the abdominal wall where umbilical cord entered the fetus
124
mesentery
layer of peritoneum that suspends parts of intestines in abdominal cavity
125
retroperitoneal
means superficial to the peritoneum
126
recumbent
laying down
127
dorsal recumbency
lying on back
128
left lateral recumbency
lying on left side
129
right lateral recumbency
lying on right side
130
ventral recumbency AKA sternal recumbency
lying on belly
131
adduction
movement toward the midline
132
abduction
movement away from the midline
133
flexion
closure of a joint angle or reduction of an angle btwn two bones
134
extension
straightening of a joint or increased angle btwn two bones
135
hyperflexion
joint is flexed too far- palmar or plantar movements of joint angle
136
hyperextension
dorsal movement of the joints beyond the reference angle
137
supination
act of rotating limb or body part so palmar surface is turned upward.
138
pronation
act of rotating body part so palmar surface is turned downward.
139
rotation
circular movement around an axis
140
cyt/o
cell
141
cells
grouped together to form tissue or organs
142
cytology
study of cells
143
protoplasm (what makes it up)
cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
144
-plasm
formative material of cells
145
prot/o
first
146
Cell membrane AKA Plasma membrane
structural lining of cell; protects cells contents/regulates what goes in and out of cell
147
Cytoplasm
gelatinous material located in cell membrane that is not part of nucleus
148
nucleus
structure in a cell- contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes and surrounding membrane
149
Nucleoplasm
material in the nucleus
150
chromosomes
structures in nucleus composed of DNA (transmits genetic info)
151
congenital
something that is present at birth
152
Genetic disorder
inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes
153
anomaly
deviation from what is considered normal; synonym: defect
154
Tissue
specialized cells similar in structure and function
155
histology
study of structure, composition and function of tissue
156
