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AP Huge Ethnicity > Ch.7 > Flashcards

Ch.7 Flashcards

1
Q

Define ethnicity

A

Identity with a group of people with the same cultural traditions of a particular homeland/hearth

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2
Q

Define race

A

Identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor

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3
Q

Define racism

A

The belief that one race is superior to another

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4
Q

Name the three most numerous ethnicities in the U.S.

A

Asian American, African American, Hispanic American

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5
Q

What is the problem with the way the U.S. Census Bureau defines “Asian”?

A

Asian=Race Asian American=ethnicity

same group of people which includes Americans from many countries in Asia

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6
Q

What is the difference between African American and black?

A

Afr. Amer. is an ethnicity, Black is race

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7
Q

How does the U.S. Bureau consider Hispanic/Latino?

A

They divided it between Hispanic and Hispanic American

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8
Q

List examples of Afr.A and Hispanic Americans being more urbanized

A

90% of both ethnicities live in metropolitan areas compared to 75% of all Americans

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9
Q

Where are Hispanics clustered?

A

South West in New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and Claifornia

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10
Q

Where are African Americans clustered?

A

Southeast in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, South Carolina, and Mississippi

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11
Q

Where are Asian Americans clustered?

A

West=40%, in Hawaii, 1/2 in California- 12% of the population

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12
Q

Forced Migration for Africans

A

Africans were forced out of their homes in Africa to become slaves in America- Jamestown, 1619

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13
Q

Interregional Migration for African Americans

A

1910+1920 A.A. moved to the North and West before and after WW1. 1940s+1950s: after WW2 migration to factories for more jobs

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14
Q

Intraregional Migration

A

A.A. went to the big cities and clustered in neighborhoods where small numbers of A.A. arrived in the nineteenth century. Known as ghettos

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15
Q

Define “White Flight”

A

Whites leaving their neighborhoods predicting that blacks would soon move in

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16
Q

Define “Blockbusting”

A

Real estate agents persuading whites who lived in or near a black area to sell their houses for low prices, saying that blacks would soon move in soon

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17
Q

Define “Separate but equal”

A

All public services were segregated although the different races were “still treated equally” (not)

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18
Q

Define apartheid

A

The physical separation of different races into geographic areas

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19
Q

Explain the key components of the apartheid system

A

A newborn baby was classified as black, white, colored or Asian, based race, people could work, live, and attend school in certain areas

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20
Q

1652 in South Africa

A

The apartheid system was created by the descendants of whites who arrived in South Africa from the Netherlands

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21
Q

1795 in South Africa

A

The British captured an controlled the Dutch colony and controlled South Africas gov.

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22
Q

1948 in South Africa

A

The Afrikaner dominated Nationalists Party won elections- the Afrikaners gained power

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23
Q

1991 in South Africa

A

The white-dominated gov. repealed the apartheid laws

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24
Q

1994 in South Africa

A

Nelson Mandela became the first black president, South Africans were allowed to vote for the first time

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25
Define Nationality
Identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country
26
Ethnicity v.s. Nationality
Ethnicity: Religion, language,+ material culture U.S.=Distinct ancestry and cultural traditions U.K.: Welsh, English, Irish, and Scots Nationality: Voting, loyalty to country
27
Ethnicity v.s. Nationality in the U.K.
Ethnicity: The British Isles compromise of Rep. of Ireland; Welsh, Irish, Scots. British Nationality: Loyalty to country
28
Define Nationalism
Loyalty and devotion to a nationality
29
How do nations+states foster nationalism?
Promoting symbols of the country- flags and songs
30
Define centripetal forces
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
31
List the religions of Lebanon
Christians (Minerates), Sunnis, Shiites, Druze, and the Greek Orthodox
32
How did Lebanon's 1943 constitution seek to solve the religion problem?
Each religion must be rep. in the Chamber of Deputies according to %. President: Maronite Christian. Premier: Sunni Muslim. Foreign Minister: Greek Orthodox Christian. Speaker of the chamber of deputies: Shiite Muslim
33
How has the make-up of the population changed since 1943? for Lebanon
Religious groups live in different regions of the country
34
What happened in 1975? How has it been resolved? for Lebanon
A civil war, each religious group formed a private army/militia
35
Ethnicities in Sri Lanka
Sinhalese: 74%, Language: Indo-European lan. Indo-Iranian branch. Religion: Buddhism. Located in Northern India to Southerns Tamil: 16% Language: Dravidian fam. Religion: Hinduism Located: Palkstrait from India northern India
36
How has violence between these two groups been suppressed during the past 300 years? in Sri Lanka
European control
37
What occurred in 1948? in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka gained its independence
38
Which group is unhappy? Why? in Sri Lanka
Tamil bc they feel like they are being discriminated bc the Sinhalese control most of the gov.
39
When the Birtish ended colonial control of South Asia in 1947, how was the region divided politically, an how was the region divided ethinically (religiously)
Politcally: India+ Pakistan- Hindu | Split by India- East+West Pakistan- Muslim
40
How many people found themselves on the "wrong side of the border" in the 1940s in India and Pakistan
17 million people
41
How many Muslims migrated from India to West Pakistan (Pakistan, today)?
6 million
42
How many Muslims migrated to East Pakistan (Bangladesh, today)
1 million
43
How many Hindus migrated from East and West Pakistan into India?
6 million from West 3.5 from East= 9.5 million in all
44
What happened to many of the refugees as they traveled? In India and Pakistan
They were usually killed by people from the rival religion, and were attacked by extremists (massacres)
45
Why is the region of Kashmir a problem?
Neither Pakistan nor India agreed on the location of the boundary separating the two countries
46
What are some of the issues that the Kurds suffer from?
They are split amongst several countries suffer from suppression of their culture by the Turks+unsuccessful rebellions, don't have an independent state
47
Define ethnic cleansing
A more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one to create a homogeneous region
48
Ethnic Cleansing v.s. Normal warfare
Ethnic Cleansing: You remove every member of an ethnicity rather than simply trying to defeat an enemy
49
List the countries of the Balkan Pennisula
1. Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, and Romania
50
Important facts about Yugoslavia
June 1914- heir to throne of Austria-Hungary was killed. Assassin= Serb wanted independence for Bosnia- Yugoslavia was created after WW1 to unite
51
Yugoslav refrain
Five Nationalities: Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrens, Serbs, Slovenes Four Languages: Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian Three religions: Roman Catholic=north, Orthodox= East Islam= South Two alphabets= Croatian+Slovene
52
What ethno-political problems did the country face after the death of Tito in the 80s and the fall of Communism in the 90s?
Titos death= breakup of the country. 6 independent countries
53
Why did Serbs and Croats in Bosnia ethnically cleanse themselves of Bosnia Muslims?
Bosnian Muslims were considered an ethnicity not a nationality, Serbs+Croats fought to unite the areas of the republic that they inhabited w/t Serbia+Croatia
54
What was agreed upon at the accords signed between these rival ethnicities in Dayton, Ohio in 1996?
Divided Bosnia+Herzegovina into 3 regions- each dominated by the Bosnian Croats, Muslims, and Serbs Croats+Muslims combined into a federation- Serb mostly acts independent from the others
55
Who got the best deal? Who got the worst? Explain
Best: Serbs, received almost 1/2 of the country-compromised 1/3 of the population Worst: Muslims-1/2 of population received 1/4 of land Croats: 1/4 of land, 1/6 of pop.
56
What country controlled Kosovo?
Serbia
57
What ethnic group lives in Kosovo (and %)
Ethnic Albanians-90%
58
With the breakup of Yugoslavia, what began to happen in Kosovo?
Serbia took direct control, launched ethnic cleansing if the ethnic Albanians
59
How did the U.S. and U.N. respond?
Launched an air attack against Serbia
60
Define Balkanized
A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into 1 or more stable states- inhabited ethnicities who hated each other
61
Define Balkanization
The process in which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethinicities - threat to peace throughout the world
62
If peace comes to the Balkan Peninsula in the next few years why will it be "in a tragic way" according to the author of the textbook
Bc ethnic cleansing has already done its job of killing many ethnicities Ethnic homogeneity may be the sad price of peace

AP Huge Ethnicity (1 decks)

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