Ch.7 - Final

Question 1

Kinship system?

Answer 1

relationships in society (based on blood or marriage)

• consanguineal
• affinal
• fictive

Question 2

consanguineal kin

Answer 2

related through birth or blood

Question 3

affinal kin

Answer 3

related through marriage

Question 4

fictive kin

Answer 4

relationships not determined by blood or marriage (adoption, close family friends “aunt”, “uncle”)

Question 5

kinship diagrams

Answer 5

view from the central POV of the “ego”

Question 6

kinship etic labels

Answer 6

S = son, F = father etc. Z = sister, MBD = mothers brothers daughter

Question 7

Descent

Answer 7

a persons kinship connections traced back through generations

Question 8

Adoption/fostering

Answer 8

taking in children that are not related by blood

Question 9

Patterns of descent and descent groups

Answer 9

1. bilateral
2. unilateral
3. ambilineal

Question 10

bilateral descent

Answer 10

related equally to mother and father (USA/Canada)

- common in foraging and industrialism

Question 11

kindred

Answer 11

(bilateral descent)

group of closely related relatives connected to both parents to one living relative

Question 12

unilineal

Answer 12

lineage is only traced through the mother or father (not both)
- common in horticulture, agriculture and patroralism

Question 13

patrilineal descent

Answer 13

(unilineal)
descent is traced through the father (most common) ie. China
- common in pastroralism and agriculture societies

Question 14

matrilineal descent

Answer 14

(unilineal)
descent through the mother
- common in horticulture (Navaho
- also in Minangkabau (Sumatra, Indonesia), intensive agriculture

Question 15

ambilineal

Answer 15

choice of kinship group

Question 16

patriarchy/matriarchy

Answer 16

matriarchy = women have more authority

Question 17

types of post-marital residences

Answer 17

1. matrilocal
2. avunculocal
3. patrilocal
4. ambilocal
5. neolocal

Question 18

matrilocal

Answer 18

(types of post-marital residences)

couple lives with or near the relatives of the wife

Question 19

avunculocal

Answer 19

(types of post-marital residences)

couple lives with or near the husbands mothers brother

Question 20

patrilocal

Answer 20

(types of post-marital residences)

couple lives with or near the husbands father

Question 21

ambilocal

Answer 21

(types of post-marital residences)

couple has choice of living with/near relatives of wife or husband

Question 22

neolocal

Answer 22

(types of post-marital residences)

independent residence away from relatives

Question 23

residence and kinship patterns

Answer 23

Do not necessarily correlate. ie. Asanta people of Ghana follow matrilineal descent but practice patrilineal residence

Question 24

Marriage

Answer 24

formalizing the relationship between adult partners

Question 25

functions of marriage

Answer 25

- regulate sexual and economic rights - division of labour - formalize relationship

Question 26

mate selection - rules

Answer 26

1. incest taboo 2. endogamy 3. exogamy 4. arranged marriages 5. parallel cousins vs. cross-cousins 6. levirate and sororate

Question 27

incest taboo

Answer 27

mating between immediate family (nuclear)

Question 28

endogamy

Answer 28

marrying within the same group (ie. Hindu castes) or class, ethnicity

Question 29

exogamy

Answer 29

marrying outside of a group

Question 30

arranged marriages

Answer 30

found in elaborate social hierarchies (Hindu India), union of "two kin groups"

Question 31

parallel cousins vs. cross cousins

Answer 31

``` PC = same sex cousins CC = opposite sex ```

Question 32

Levirate and sororate

Answer 32

Levirate = widow is expected to marry brother of deceased husband Sororate - widower is expected to marry sister of deceased wife

Question 33

monogamy

Answer 33

one partner at a time

Question 34

serial monogamy

Answer 34

partners one after another (common in Canada, USA, W. Europe)

Question 35

polygamy

Answer 35

multiple partners at the same time

Question 36

polygyny

Answer 36

(polygamy) | marriage of a man to two or more women (India, China)

Question 37

polyandry

Answer 37

(polygamy) marriage of a woman to two or more men (Tibet, Nepal) - not common, can be Fraternal (all brothers)

Question 38

marriage gifts/transactions

Answer 38

1. dowry 2. bridewealth 3. bride service

Question 39

dowry

Answer 39

(marriage gifts/transactions) | money from bride to the husbands family

Question 40

bridewealth

Answer 40

(marriage gifts/transactions) | compensation from the family of the groom to the bride (Maasai)

Question 41

bride service

Answer 41

(marriage gifts/transactions) | men give labour to bride's family (common in foraging societies)

Question 42

divorce

Answer 42

formal dissolution of a marriage

Question 43

family

Answer 43

social unit, economic and social cooperation

Question 44

Types of family

Answer 44

1. nuclear | 2. extended

Question 45

nuclear

Answer 45

(Types of family) 2 generation family surrounding the parents and the children (Canada/USA) - common in industrialized societies also includes blended (divorced families)

Question 46

extended

Answer 46

2 or more nuclear families

Question 47

matrifocal

Answer 47

single parent - mother and children

Question 48

new reproductive technologies

Answer 48

IVF sperm banks surrogacy