(ch9) cardiorespitory responses to acute exercise

Question 1

sympathetic effects on heart muscle

Answer 1

increases rate and force of contraction

Question 2

sympathetic effects on coronary blood vessels

Answer 2

causes vasodilation

Question 3

sympathetic effects on the lungs

Answer 3

causes bronchodilation, mildly constricts blood vessels

Question 4

sympathetic effects on blood vessels

Answer 4

increases blood pressure; causes vasoconstriction in abdominal viscera and skin to divert blood when necessary; causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles and heart during exercise.

Question 5

sympathetic effects on adrenal glands

Answer 5

stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 6

major function of epinephrine

Answer 6

increases skeletal muscle blood flow; increases heart rate and contractility; increases oxygen consumption

Question 7

major functions or norepinephrine

Answer 7

constricts arterioles and venules therefore increasing blood pressure

Question 8

heart rate is ________ proportional to exercise intensity

Answer 8

directly

Question 9

heart rate ______ before exercise as an anticipatory response

Answer 9

heart rate increases

Question 10

traditional equation for measuring age predicted HR

Answer 10

HR = 220- age

Question 11

Newer equation for measuring age predicted heart rate

Answer 11

208 - (0.7 * age)

Question 12

what is the range for resting heart rate in untrained/normal population

Answer 12

60-80 beats per minute

Question 13

range of resting heart rate in endurance trained populations

Answer 13

30-40 beats per minute

Question 14

3 factors that can effect resting heart rate

Answer 14

temperature, neural tone, altitude

Question 15

what 3 things does the anticipatory response effect

Answer 15

heart rate, vagal tone and catecholamine activity

Question 16

anticipatory response does what to heart rate

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

anticipatory response does what to vagal tone

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

anticipatory response does what to norepinephrine and epinephrine activity

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

steady state HR:

Answer 19

optimal HR for meeting circulatory demands at a given submaximal intensity

Question 20

how does an increase in intensity effect steady state heart rate

Answer 20

increases steady state heart rate

Question 21

how long does it take steady state heart rate to adjust to new intensity

Answer 21

2-3 minutes

Question 22

why is knowing heart rate during submaximal intensity exercise important

Answer 22

can use trendline to approximate maximal heart rate and therefore VO2 max in populations where maximal exercise is not possible

Question 23

stroke volume is determined by what

Answer 23

preload, contractility, afterload

Question 24

how do increases in catecholamines effect ventricular contractility

Answer 24

increases contractility

Question 25

what 3 factors effect stroke volume

Answer 25

the preload, contractility and afterload

Question 26

ventricular contractility is independent of

Answer 26

end diastolic volume (increases ejection fraction instead)

Question 27

what happens to systolic blood pressure during exercise

Answer 27

increases

Question 28

what happens to cardiac output during exercise

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

what happens to diastolic blood pressure during exercise?

Answer 29

nothing, it stays the same.

Question 30

what happens to mean arterial blood pressure during exercise

Answer 30

increases slightly cardiac output big increase but TPR slightly decreases muscle vasodilation vs. sympatholytic

Question 31

equation for mean arterial pressure

Answer 31

cardiac out put * TPR

Question 32

what is functional sympatholysis

Answer 32

reduced response to sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle

Question 33

how is blood flow redistribution achieved during exercise

Answer 33

a mixture of sympathetic NS vasoconstriction and vasodilation from functional sympatholysis

Question 34

what is cardiovascular drift

Answer 34

increases in heart rate to maintain blood flow since stroke volume decreases from sweating

Question 35

what happens to arterial oxygen content during exercise

Answer 35

stays consistent

Question 36

what happens to veinous blood oxygen content during exercise

Answer 36

decreases (AVO2 difference)