CH9 HCL

Question 1

What are the two main types of data in research?

Answer 1

Quantitative and Qualitative data.

Question 2

What characterizes quantitative data?

Answer 2

It is numerical and collected through structured methods like surveys or experiments.

Question 3

How is qualitative data collected?

Answer 3

Through open-ended methods such as interviews and observations.

Question 4

What does quantitative analysis focus on?

Answer 4

Measuring size, magnitude, or amount using statistical techniques.

Question 5

What is the goal of qualitative analysis?

Answer 5

Understanding the nature of elements through patterns, themes, and stories.

Question 6

Name three common measures used in basic quantitative analysis.

Answer 6

Mean, Median, and Mode.

Question 7

What does “mean” represent?

Answer 7

The average of a data set.

Question 8

How is the median determined?

Answer 8

It’s the middle value when data is ordered.

Question 9

What is the mode?

Answer 9

The most frequently occurring value in a data set.

Question 10

Why are percentages useful in data analysis?

Answer 10

They standardize data for comparisons.

Question 11

What is an open-ended question?

Answer 11

A question that allows for unrestricted, qualitative responses.

Question 12

What is a closed question?

Answer 12

A question with predefined answers, suitable for quantitative analysis.

Question 13

What is the impact of fixed alternative answers in surveys?

Answer 13

They limit the range of possible responses.

Question 14

What is coding in qualitative analysis?

Answer 14

Assigning labels to data segments to identify patterns or themes.

Question 15

What are the two types of coding?

Answer 15

Inductive (bottom-up) and Deductive (top-down).

Question 16

What is thematic analysis?

Answer 16

Identifying and analyzing themes that emerge from data.

Question 17

Is thematic analysis inductive or deductive?

Answer 17

Inductive.

Question 18

What is data categorization in qualitative research?

Answer 18

Grouping data into predefined categories.

Question 19

What analysis method focuses on the meaning of conversations?

Answer 19

Conversation Analysis.

Question 20

What is Discourse Analysis used for?

Answer 20

Understanding the nuances and roles of language in constructing meaning.

Question 21

Name one advantage of Discourse Analysis tools.

Answer 21

They help identify patterns and subtle meanings.

Question 22

What does Content Analysis involve?

Answer 22

Classifying data into themes and analyzing frequency of occurrence.

Question 23

Can content analysis be used on non-text data?

Answer 23

Yes, including video, images, and sound.

Question 24

What is Interaction Analysis?

Answer 24

Examining interactions between people and artifacts.

Question 25

Is Interaction Analysis typically inductive or deductive?

Answer 25

Inductive.

Question 26

What is Grounded Theory?

Answer 26

A method to develop theories from empirical data.

Question 27

What is the first step in Grounded Theory?

Answer 27

Open Coding.

Question 28

What happens in Axial Coding?

Answer 28

Relationships between categories are explored.

Question 29

What is Selective Coding?

Answer 29

Forming a theoretical framework from identified codes.

Question 30

What does questioning the data help with in analysis?

Answer 30

Uncovering deeper insights.

Question 31

Why analyze words or phrases in qualitative data?

Answer 31

To identify underlying meanings.

Question 32

What does comparison in qualitative analysis achieve?

Answer 32

Highlights patterns and differences.

Question 33

What is a socio-technical system (STS)?

Answer 33

A system involving both social and technical components.

Question 34

What does Socio-technical Systems Theory emphasize?

Answer 34

The interaction between technical and social elements.

Question 35

What is Distributed Cognition of Teamwork?

Answer 35

A framework examining how knowledge is shared in teams.

Question 36

In Distributed Cognition, where is cognition located?

Answer 36

Across individuals and artifacts.

Question 37

What is CAQDAS?

Answer 37

Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software.

Question 38

Name two CAQDAS tools.

Answer 38

NVivo and Dedoose.

Question 39

What can spreadsheets be used for in data analysis?

Answer 39

Basic analysis and graph generation.

Question 40

Give two examples of statistical packages.

Answer 40

SPSS and R.

Question 41

What should the method of presenting findings match?

Answer 41

The analysis technique and audience.

Question 42

Give two common styles of result presentation.

Answer 42

Tables and diagrams.

Question 43

What is a benefit of graphical data representation?

Answer 43

Helps identify patterns and outliers.

Question 44

Name a presentation style used by DScout.

Answer 44

Bubble diagrams or timelines.

Question 45

What are structured notations?

Answer 45

Tools like UML used to clearly present findings.

Question 46

How are stories used in findings presentation?

Answer 46

To intuitively communicate research outcomes.

Question 47

What is one key point about data analysis?

Answer 47

It depends on the data collection method.

Question 48

Can both qualitative and quantitative data be gathered from the same approach?

Answer 48

Yes.

Question 49

Which average type can mislead if used alone?

Answer 49

Mean.

Question 50

What type of reasoning is inductive analysis?

Answer 50

Bottom-up.

Question 51

What type of reasoning is deductive analysis?

Answer 51

Top-down, based on predefined concepts.

Question 52

What is the importance of choosing the right presentation method for findings?

Answer 52

It ensures clarity and relevance for the audience.

Question 53

What role do analytical frameworks play in research?

Answer 53

They help analyze data at different levels for different purposes.

Question 54

Are qualitative and quantitative frameworks mutually exclusive?

Answer 54

No, they can be combined.

Question 55

What does the coding process aim to avoid?

Answer 55

Overlapping and ambiguous codes.

Question 56

What influences the level of granularity in coding?

Answer 56

Research goals and data type.

Question 57

What is an emergent theme?

Answer 57

A theme that naturally arises from the data.

Question 58

What does categorization usually rely on?

Answer 58

Predefined categories (deductive).

Question 59

What is the first step in the Interaction Analysis process?

Answer 59

Logging the content of material (e.g., videos).

Question 60

How are salient events used in Interaction Analysis?

Answer 60

They are assembled and analyzed collaboratively.

Question 61

What makes Grounded Theory unique?

Answer 61

It builds theories from the data itself.

Question 62

What happens during open coding in Grounded Theory?

Answer 62

Categories and concepts are identified from data.

Question 63

What is the purpose of axial coding?

Answer 63

To find relationships between categories.

Question 64

How does selective coding differ from axial coding?

Answer 64

It integrates categories into a cohesive theory.

Question 65

What type of framework is most suitable for analyzing large organizations?

Answer 65

System-based frameworks.

Question 66

What is the goal of a socio-technical system design?

Answer 66

To align both technical and social system components.

Question 67

How does distributed cognition benefit teamwork?

Answer 67

It improves efficiency by leveraging collective cognitive resources.

Question 68

What is a common challenge in discourse analysis?

Answer 68

Maintaining context while analyzing large amounts of text.

Question 69

What does the term “artefact” refer to in interaction analysis?

Answer 69

Objects or tools involved in human interaction.

Question 70

What do CAQDAS tools help researchers do?

Answer 70

Organize, filter, and analyze qualitative data efficiently.

Question 71

Why is context important in discourse analysis?

Answer 71

It shapes the meaning of the language used.

Question 72

How can coding support both thematic and content analysis?

Answer 72

By identifying and labeling key patterns or categories.

Question 73

What does system-based analysis help researchers understand?

Answer 73

How social and technical factors influence system performance.

Question 74

What are two forms of data visualization mentioned in the presentation?

Answer 74

Bubble diagrams and timelines.

Question 75

What is the role of modeling languages like UML in presentations?

Answer 75

To formally represent system roles and interactions.

Question 76

Why are stories effective in findings presentation?

Answer 76

They are intuitive and memorable for audiences.

Question 77

What does it mean when analysis is done “in teams”?

Answer 77

Collaborative interpretation of data, often seen in interaction analysis.

Question 78

What type of flow occurs between individuals and artefacts in team settings?

Answer 78

Unidirectional or bidirectional.

Question 79

What influences the strength of communication in a network diagram?

Answer 79

The thickness of connecting lines.

Question 80

What do larger circles represent in some data visualizations?

Answer 80

Higher volume or frequency of activity.

Question 81

Why is it risky to rely solely on numerical averages?

Answer 81

They can obscure patterns or outliers.

Question 82

What can simple spreadsheets be used for in analysis?

Answer 82

Visualizing and summarizing basic data.

Question 83

What type of qualitative data might be collected from an observation?

Answer 83

Notes, behavioral patterns, or interactions.

Question 84

What is one major benefit of using software in data analysis?

Answer 84

Time-saving and improved accuracy.

Question 85

What does analyzing communication structure help reveal?

Answer 85

Roles, influence, and flow of information in a team.

Question 86

What is a handover checklist in system communication?

Answer 86

A structured tool to transfer tasks or information.

Question 87

What kind of communication do stand-up meetings represent?

Answer 87

Real-time, synchronous group coordination.

Question 88

What do infographics combine?

Answer 88

Data, design, and narrative.

Question 89

What must researchers consider when choosing an analysis method?

Answer 89

Research goals, data type, and audience.

Question 90

What kind of tools does the University of Surrey support?

Answer 90

CAQDAS tools for qualitative data analysis.

Question 91

What can mislead interpretation in quantitative data?

Answer 91

Poor question design or skewed averages.

Question 92

What kind of question yields richer, nuanced responses?

Answer 92

Open-ended questions.

Question 93

Why might multiple frameworks be used in one study?

Answer 93

To provide deeper or complementary insights.

Question 94

What happens when data is misrepresented?

Answer 94

It can lead to incorrect conclusions or decisions.

Question 95

What does “emergent analysis” refer to?

Answer 95

Themes or patterns that appear organically from data.

Question 96

Why are clear semantics important in structured notations?

Answer 96

They ensure consistent interpretation.

Question 97

What’s the purpose of exploratory questions in data analysis?

Answer 97

To uncover hidden relationships or themes.

Question 98

What does the size of a visualization element often indicate?

Answer 98

Volume, frequency, or importance.

Question 99

What’s the benefit of using timelines in data presentation?

Answer 99

Showing patterns over time.

Question 100

What is one key takeaway about data analysis in interaction design?

Answer 100

The method should match the type of data and research goals.