challenge in the human environment (definitions)

Question 1

push factor

Answer 1

motivates people to leave a place

Question 2

pull factor

Answer 2

motivates people to go to a city for better opportunities

Question 3

urbanisation

Answer 3

the increasing percentage of population who live in towns and cities

Question 4

natural increase

Answer 4

when the birth rate is higher than the death rate which causes rapid population increase

Question 5

dereliction

Answer 5

abandoned buildings and wastelands

Question 6

urban deprivation

Answer 6

when standards of living and access to services are lower than normal

Question 7

deindustrialization

Answer 7

decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and overseas competition

Question 8

megacity

Answer 8

a city with a population of over 10 million people

Question 9

Counter urbanisation

Answer 9

people moving from urban areas (city) to rural areas (countryside)

Question 10

urban sprawl

Answer 10

the unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside

Question 11

commuter settlement

Answer 11

people move out of the town or city altogether and commute to work

Question 12

waste disposal

Answer 12

city’s population increases, more waste produced but less space to store it

Question 13

urban regeneration

Answer 13

redevelopment of urban areas to improve physical environment and quality of life for residents

Question 14

rural-urban fringe

Answer 14

a zone of transition on the edge of the city between the built up area and the countryside.

Question 15

economic opportunities

Answer 15

chances for people to improve their standard of living through jobs and employment.

Question 16

social opportunities

Answer 16

chances for people to improve their quality of life, includes access to education and healthcare.

Question 17

social deprivation

Answer 17

the degree to which people are deprived of services, decent housing, adequate income and local employment.

Question 18

pollution

Answer 18

chemicals, noise, dirt and other substances which poison the environment.

Question 19

waste recycling

Answer 19

process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste.

Question 20

Traffic congestion

Answer 20

occurs when there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with so traffic jams and traffic slows to a crawl.

Question 21

Brownfield

Answer 21

building, better for environment but cost more.
Brownfield sites need to be cleared because of radiation caused by factories and power plants.

Question 22

Greenfield

Answer 22

building on Greenfield sites destroys habitats

Question 23

integrated transport systems

Answer 23

when different transport methods connect together which makes travelling smoother.
better integration should result in more demand for public transport and reduce private car use.

Question 24

urban greening

Answer 24

process of increasing and preserving open spaces (public parks).

Question 25

rural- urban migration

Answer 25

the movement of people from the countryside into cities.

Question 26

push- social

Answer 26

poor services lack of education poor medical help

Question 27

pull- social

Answer 27

food better services better healthcare

Question 28

push- economic

Answer 28

unemployment hazardous working conditions poor pay

Question 29

pull- economic

Answer 29

quality of life job opportunities good pay

Question 30

push- political

Answer 30

war persecution

Question 31

pull- political

Answer 31

democracy freedom

Question 32

describe distribution of mega cities

Answer 32

most in Asia

Question 33

10million people

Answer 33

megacity

Question 34

1 million people

Answer 34

millionaire city

Question 35

more than X percent of world ‘s population lives in urban areas

Answer 35

50%

Question 36

rapid urbanisation in LICs and NEEs is fuelled by

Answer 36

natural increase rural- urban migration

Question 37

informal sector

Answer 37

part of an economy that isn’t taxed or monitored by government. activities of informal economy, not included in GDP of a country

Question 38

population density

Answer 38

measurement of number of people in an area. calculated by dividing the number of people and in an area.

Question 39

liverpool facts

Answer 39

city in northwest England in county Lancashire lies on north banks of River Mersey

Question 40

location advantage

Answer 40

allows to export goods and culture makes a gateway between uk and rest of the world

Question 41

national migration in liverpool

Answer 41

welsh migrants arrived in 1700-1800 attracted by developing industry. (1813- 10% welsh) ireland famine 1845-1850, 2 million irish migrants. (20% irish) 75% of liverpudlians have irish ancestory

Question 42

international migration in liverpool

Answer 42

ships arrive from around world bc docks built, 1715 home to first even china town in 1800 ethnic diverse city, 1 in 8 people from ethnic background

Question 43

challenges caused by urban change in Liverpool

Answer 43

urban deprivation waste disposal dereliction education and employment unhealthy lifestyle housing inequality brownfield vs greenfield

Question 44

housing inequality

Answer 44

regeneration increased inequality wealthier areas have better healthcare and education too expensive

Question 45

urban deprivation

Answer 45

industrial decline left areas most deprived in country (Anfeild, Toxteth)

Question 46

unhealthy lifestyle

Answer 46

drinking, smoking and poor diet is more comment in deprived areas (Knowsley life expectancy 15 years lower than average)

Question 47

social and economic opportunities

Answer 47

- cultural mixing - recreation and entertainment - employment - integrated transport

Question 48

cultural mixing

Answer 48

ethnic diversity has brought a range of foods, festivals and cultural experiences to city. attracts tourists

Question 49

recreation and entertainment

Answer 49

famous places in liverpool been regenerated to attract tourists and income. Albert Dock and Echo Arena £1 billion spent on regeneration city to increase tourist attraction

Question 50

integrated transport

Answer 50

all travel networks connected prepaid cards can be used all across networks makes easier to get around city encourages public transport use

Question 51

employment

Answer 51

tourism and sectors off total of 160000 jobs development of Baltic Triangle turned derelict areas into spaces for creative industries

Question 52

environmental opportunities

Answer 52

cycle/pedestrian routes urban greening

Question 53

cycle/pedestrian routes

Answer 53

encourages people to get out of cars and help to reduce gas emissions

Question 54

regeneration in liverpool

Answer 54

Liverpool ONE other projects why needed?

Question 55

Liverpool ONE

Answer 55

- £1 billion investment phase 1 opened may 2008 - 2004 purchase of land, archeological digs - paradisest project rebranded in 2005 - 160 stores, 600 residential units

Question 56

why is regeneration in liverpool needed?

Answer 56

1970s 50000 jobs lost deindustrialization suffered badly national image was poor in 1980s (rioting) mass poverty result of joining EU in 1973 countries uk traded with changed

Question 57

sustainability

Answer 57

actions that meet the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Question 58

sustainable urban strategies

Answer 58

- reduce waste in water sources (rivers) - conserve culture history environments - use brownfield now green field - recycle and conserve water reduce fossil fuels

Question 59

traffic congestion

Answer 59

- increases CO2 emissions lead to poor air quality - increases heath and breathing problems - causes death - buildings become less attractive, dirty