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geography one > challenges of an urbanising world > Flashcards

challenges of an urbanising world Flashcards

1
Q

what is urbanisation

A

the increase in the percentage of people living in towns and cities causing them to grow

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2
Q

what is a mega city

A

a city in which has the population of ten million or more

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3
Q

what are some problems caused by urbanisation

A
  • not enough transport/overcrowded public transport
  • open sewers
  • increase in traffic
  • poor housing quality
  • lack of food and running water
  • increase in crime
  • air pollution
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4
Q

what are some push factors to drive someone out from a city

A
  • bad education
  • crime/ lack of safety
  • drought
  • unemployment
  • crop failure
  • war
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5
Q

what are some pull factors to drive someone into a city

A
  • safter atmosphere
  • greater wealth
  • friends and family
    -less risk of natural hazards
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6
Q

what is migration

A

the movement of people form one permanent home to another with the intention of staying at least a year

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7
Q

what is an informal economy

A

unofficial economy, where no records are kept of employees. no contracts or employee rights, no working hours, earn what they sell, no qualifications

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8
Q

what is a formal economy

A

legal standards, tax, workers rights to good working conditions, sick pay, holiday pay, set wage, need qualifications

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9
Q

what is an informal job example

A
  • car wash
  • hairdresser
  • busker
  • babysitter
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10
Q

what are the stages of a city changing over time

A

urbanisation - suburbanisation - counter urbanisation - de industrialisation - regeneration

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11
Q

explain de industrialisation

A

the decline of industrial activity in a region or economy

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12
Q

explain urbanisation

A

the increase in the percentage of people living in a town or city causing them to grow

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13
Q

explain re generation

A

retrieving the economy or environment of a rundown area

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14
Q

explain counter urbanisation

A

the movement of people because of employment from major cities to smaller settlement and rural areas

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15
Q

explain suburbanisation

A

the movment of people to rural areas from urban cities

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16
Q

what is the name of the emerging mega city you have studied

A

Mumbai

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17
Q

why did India develop

A
  • TNC’s
  • cheap labour force
  • english speaking
  • large population
  • long coastline
  • work ethic
18
Q

explain the location of Mumbai including the site and situation

A

Located in the west, Arabian sea, state of Maharashtra. located on a peninsula. Asia

site - Mumbai is surrounded by the sea positive for trade. Negative for people moving over as they are increasing the already large population

situation - well connected with the rest of India through railways and roads - products and people can easily travel. naturally deep harbour. also boarders some parts of Europe trading oils.

19
Q

what is a major problem in Mumbai and the name

A

slums - Dharavi

20
Q

why has Mumbai’s population grown so rapidly

A

migration - because of peninsula easy to get into country
natural increase - more people are having babies than people are dying because of the better healthcare

21
Q

what is quality of life

A

the degree of well being felt by an individual or group of people in a particular area.

22
Q

what factors influence someone’s quality of life

A
  • holiday pay
  • job availability
  • high wages
  • crime levels
  • education
  • transport links
  • affordable housing
  • sewage systems
  • food and water access
23
Q

what is Mumbai like

A
  • very cramped
  • densely populated
  • crowded public transport
  • divide between rich and poor
  • 70% of people work informally
24
Q

what are the different inequalities in Mumbai

A

properties - properties between 1 billion and costing barely anything

industry - Bollywood (high wages), informal jobs, collecting rubbish ( very low wages)

education - some places have very very high literacy rates others like Dharavi is very low and sometimes none

25
Q

how are the government trying to improve life in Dharavi

A
  • introduce sewar systems
  • make water more available
  • improve job opportunities
  • provide electricity safely
  • build toilet blocks
  • dedicated places for rubbish
26
Q

what is a sustainable city

A

a city where it provides a good quality environment for all its residents without using up resources in a way that will cause future generations to suffer

27
Q

what are two examples of top down strategies used in Mumbai to help improve peoples quality of life

A

The garbage site project
The Mumbai monorail project

28
Q

explain the Garbage site project

A
  • Mumbai’s waste used to be disposed on a landfill site
  • that was near to residential areas.
  • The waste emitted methane and toxins.
  • In two years the rubbish dump was turned in a gentle hill
  • the methane was trapped and turned into electricity
29
Q

what are the positives of the Garbage site project

A
  • property prices have increased
  • leisure activities
  • electricity powering parts of Mumbai
30
Q

what are the negatives of the garbage site projects

A
  • costed a lot of money
  • now they have cleared the rubbish they have no where to put the rubbish
31
Q

explain the Mumbai monorail project

A

introduced to create a new way of transport to decrease the road traffic in Mumbai.

32
Q

what are the positives of the Mumbai monorail project

A

ticket prices were very cheep, carries passengers quickly, is able to go up and down gradients, taking passengers of the busy road

33
Q

what are the negatives of the Mumbai monorail project

A
  • passenger numbers lower than expected
  • doesn’t go through industrial parts of the city so only really helps tourists
34
Q

what are the three examples of bottom up strategies used in Mumbai to help improve peoples qualities of life

A
  • SPARC community toilets
  • hamara foundations
  • microfinance in India
35
Q

explain the SPARC toilet block project

A

Indian NGO who built toilet blocks and connected the cities sewar and water supplies.

36
Q

what are the positives and negatives of the SPARC project

A

positive - very cheap to get monthly permits
- electricity so it is safer to use at night
- sperate toilets for children
- people are given the responsibility to clean and check up on them therefore helping their community

negatives - it should be the governments responsibility to put toilets in

37
Q

explain the hamara foundations

A

able to help children who need social work services and improve health, education, vocational training

38
Q

what are the positives and negatives of the hamara foundations

A

positives - able to concentrate on the funding and education of people in order to place a better future for them

negative - only a small amount of children are able to be helped

39
Q

explain the microfinance project

A

banking services which specialise in microfinancing for slum residence, provide loans for people who want to improve their homes or invest in their businesses

40
Q

what are the positives and negatives of the microfinance project

A

positive - previously it was impossible for the urban poor to access loans
negatives - interest rates are high, reducing the profits people can make

geography one (3 decks)

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