Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

geography one > development dynamics > Flashcards

development dynamics Flashcards

1
Q

define development

A

the economic or social progress a country or people make

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some of the wealthiest countries

A
  • North America
  • Western Europe
  • parts of Asia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some of the poorest countries

A
  • Africa
  • South America
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why are some countries wealthier than others

A
  • climate
  • recourses
  • colonisation
  • site and situation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does GDP stand for

A

gross domestic product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define Gross domestic product

A

the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year divided by the number of people in the country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does HDI stand for

A

human development index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define human development index

A

gives countries a score based on the average life expectancy, education levels and income of the people in the country. given a score between 0-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is gross national income

A

amount of money made buy a county by its companies and cooperation’s and debt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some causes of global inequalities

A
  • banks are lending less to poor and middle class
  • machinery taking over peoples jobs
  • education levels
  • lack of minimum wages
  • natural disasters
  • landlocked
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what two theories explain how and why countries develop over time

A

Rostow’s modernisation theory and Franks dependence theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name each step of Rostow’s modernisation theory

A
  • tradition society
  • preconditions for take off
  • take off
  • drive to maturity
  • high mass consumption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

briefly explain each step of the Rostow modernisation theory

A
  1. very little wealth -farming (fishing, mining)
  2. developing infrastructure - sewage systems, transport links
  3. business starting - manufacturing and industry
  4. more diversity of products, industrialisation
  5. high incomes, trades expands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are some criticisms of the Rostow modernisation theory

A
  • lack of detail
  • assumes that all countries start with the same resources and other factors such as climate and population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

draw the model that Frank created

A

small circle surrounded by bigger circle.
small = core - big city
big = periphery - poor countryside
goods and services go out
resources go in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does Frank use his theory to explain how a place develops

A

he states that the core relies on the periphery for food and coal and the periphery relies on the core for roads, mining supplies, transport. uses colonization as evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are some criticisms of Franks theory

A
  • some countries in the developing world that were never colonized remain poor whereas some are developed
  • some poor countries successfully develop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does TNC stand for

A

transnational cooperation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a transnational cooperation

A

a firm that owns or controls a business in more than one country through foreign direct investment eg: Apple, Nike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does FDI stand for

A

foreign direct investment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is foreign direct investment

A

overseas investment in physical capital by transnational cooperation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is microcredit

A

tiny loans and financial services to help the poor start business and escape poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is top down development

A

government/ TNC’s making decisions
- large scale projects
- large expensive budget
- local people have no say

24
Q

what is bottom up development

A

local people/ charities making decisions
- targets poorest communities
- low cost
- small scale
- use of intermediate technology

25
Q

what is intermediate technology

A

technology suitable for use in developing countries, typically making use of available resources such as water pumps

26
Q

what is an example of a top down development project

A

Sardar Saravar dam in India

27
Q

briefly explain the top down development project you studied

A

a project involving the construction of dams in India to help produce electricity for homes and selling to big companies to make money

28
Q

what are advantages of a top down development project you have studied

A
  • gave 2.5 million people access to clean drinking water
  • 1450 MW of electricity
  • it was easy to build as they had the money and organisation
29
Q

what are some disadvantages of a bottom up development project you have studied

A
  • takes a long time to complete
  • flooded many hectors of land
  • 40,000 families displaced
30
Q

what is a HEP scheme

A

hydroelectric power

31
Q

what is an example of a bottom up development project

A

Grameen bank

32
Q

briefly explain the bottom up development project you studied

A

a small organisation that gives people microloans to poorer people. loans are mainly for poor women to help start up business. the average loan is 220 dollars

33
Q

what are some advantages of a top down development project you have studied

A
  • small loans which don’t have to be paid back
  • people use these loans to set up business’ to help them out of poverty
34
Q

what are some disadvantages of a bottom up development project you have studied

A
  • interests rates are high
  • some people who repay their loans causing them to go into debt
35
Q

what are some causes of global inequalities

A

education and health, colonization, climate, systems of government

36
Q

explain the demographic data of poor, less developed countries

A
  • less elderly people (lower life expectancy)
  • birth rates are higher as people have children to work and earn them money
  • maternal mortality and infant mortality is higher
37
Q

explain the demographic data of rich, developed countries

A
  • higher life expectancy
  • lower birth rates (expensive to have children)
  • maternal mortality and infant mortality is lower - better healthcare etc
38
Q

what is the site of a place

A

the actual location of a settlement on the earth, characteristics of landscape

39
Q

what is the situation of a place

A

the location of a place relative to it’s surroundings and other places

40
Q

explain the geographical location of an emerging country you have studied

A

India is found in the continent of Asia in the Northern hemisphere. India shares a border with China, Bangladesh and Pakistan. India is exposed to the Indian Ocean and the Arabian sea

41
Q

why is India’s economy changing rapidly and why

A
  • very large population who are very young and therefore working age
  • attracting foreign companies (FDI)
  • people are willing to work 100 hours for under minimum wage (very strong work ethic)
42
Q

what is globalisation

A

the increasing independence of the world economically, culturally and politically

42
Q

explain how India’s economy has changed over time

A
  • agriculture has decreased (primary jobs)
  • secondary jobs have roughly stayed the same
  • tertiary jobs are increasing
  • the amount of imports and exports are increasing meaning trade is increasing therefore making money
43
Q

how has globalisation helped India develop

A
  • government policy ( international links between countries, education levels were a high priority)
  • aid ( used to use international aid yet now the use has declined and send aid out to others instead)
  • role of globalisation (they attract FDI and TNC’s because of the well educated, english speaking, transport and higher value of product making)
  • transport and communications (road systems increased as well as airports, railways and seaports
44
Q

what are the impacts on the environment because of India’s development and why

A
  • has a heavy rely on coal as a huge source of energy ( creator of co2)
  • water pollution
  • increased deforestation
  • desertification
45
Q

how has India’s international role changed

A
  • second largest market in the world
  • wanting to trade
  • high demand for goods and services
46
Q

how did being part of the g-20 change India’s international role

A

improved international cooperation as a group of 20 major developed and emerging countries

47
Q

how has India’s relationships with USA and EU changed their international role

A

cooperates in work around science, education and to help with issues such as climate change. imports and exports increased with them

48
Q

what are the conflicting views on development

A
  • foreign investment
  • changing international relations
  • poverty
  • urban and rural lifestyle
49
Q

how did India’s rapid development effect the country economically

A

interest for other countries to trade and TNC’s set up in the country

50
Q

how did India’s rapid development effect the country socially

A

infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates decreased
life expectancy increased

population growth has lead to more people in slums
gender inequality is still not good
exploited due to low/ lack of minimum wage

51
Q

explain India’s political context

A
  • is a democracy
  • 29 states
52
Q

explain India’s social context

A
  • most English speaking
53
Q

explain India’s cultural context

A
  • no official religion
  • mainly Hindu and Muslim
54
Q

explain India’s environmental context

A
  • climate ( monsoon rains for water supply yet causes flooding)
  • mountain ranges, deserts, jungles
  • many rivers

geography one (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions