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Challenges Of An Urbanising World Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Define urbanisation

A

An increase in the percentage of people living in urban areas

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2
Q

Why is 2007 important in terms of urbanisation?

A

More people were living in urban areas compared to rural areas

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3
Q

What’s a megacity?

A

A city with a population of more than 10million people

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4
Q

How to calculate percentage change?

A

(Actual increase / Original value) x 100

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5
Q

What’s a primate city?

A

The largest city in a country

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6
Q

What’s migration?

A

The movement of people from one place to another

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7
Q

What’s internal/national migration?

A

Movement of people from one part of a country to another

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8
Q

What’s international migration?

A

Movement of people from one country to another country

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9
Q

Describe how Detroits population decreased (from 2 million to 700,000)

A

Smaller workforce
Deindustrialisation
Unemployment
People migrate to find work
Population declines
Smaller workforce

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10
Q

What are the 4 sectors of employment?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

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11
Q

What are secondary jobs?

A

The manufacture of goods using raw materials

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12
Q

What are tertiary jobs?

A

The provision of a service

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13
Q

What are causes of internal migration in emerging countries

A
  • New jobs
  • Better services - healthcare, education, schools, restaurants
  • Urbanisation
  • More TNCs
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14
Q

What are causes of international migration to places like London

A
  • Employment and high rates of pay
  • Many services - entertainment, culture, healthcare, education
  • International transport networks
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15
Q

What are the two types of work?

A

Formal and informal

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16
Q

What are formal jobs?

A

Jobs where people work for regular pay, have employment rights and pay taxes

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17
Q

What are informal jobs?

A

Unofficial work, often unskilled, without regular pay and employment rights

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18
Q

Name 3 things land is used for

A

Commercial - offices and shops
Industrial - factories
Residential - houses

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19
Q

What’s the model called that shows urban land use zones?

A

Burgess model

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20
Q

What are the 4 zones in the burgess model?

A
  1. Central business district (CBD)
  2. Inner city
  3. Suburbs
  4. Rural-urban fringe
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21
Q

What’s the function of the CBD?

A

Commercial
- offices
- banks
- shops/centres
- multi storey buildings

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22
Q

What’s the function of the inner city?

A

Industrial and residential
- lack of investment and high crime rates
- terrorist houses
- flats

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23
Q

What’s the function of the suburbs?

A

Residential
- parks
- churches
- supermarkets
- schools
- detached homes with gardens

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24
Q

What’s the function of the rural-urban fringe?

A

Mixed
- leisure centres
- airports
- retail parks
- golf courses

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25
Define suburbanisation
People who move form the city centre to the suburbs
26
Define deindustrialisation
The industry declines
27
Define counter-urbanisation
People who move from cities to rural areas
28
What’s regeneration?
Inner city areas are redevloped
29
What’s my named megacity in an emerging country called?
Mumbai (India)
30
How many people live in Mumbai?
21 milliom
31
What’s the situation of Mumbai?
- On the Arabian Sea (ships can travel quickly to Middle East and Europe via Suez Canal) - Deep River Ulhas (accessible to large container ships)
32
Which city in India has the largest port?
Mumbai - handle 25% of India’s international trade
33
Describe Mumbai’s connectivity
- Connected to rest of India by railways - Has large international airport
34
Describe Mumbais site
- On a long narrow peninsula with water on 3 sides - Built on low lying land
35
What does site mean?
The actual location of the settlement on earth
36
What does situation mean?
The location of a place relative to its surroundings and other place
37
What’s connectivity?
How well a place is connected to other locations
38
Where are most slums in Mumbai located?
Dharavi
39
What are 3 push factors in Mumbai?
- Farming jobs pay very little and new technology means fewer jobs available - Fewer services in rural India - basic education and healthcare - Wages are higher in Mumbai
40
What are 3 pull factors in Mumbai?
- Huge range of jobs - Good education opportunities - Mumbai has 12 universities - Entertainment - Bollywood
41
Why has Mumbai’s site become a problem for the city today?
It has little land for expansion meaning it’s very densely populated
42
Name one industry that’s been important in Mumbais development
Pottery
43
Describe the location of Mumbais outer suburbs
Built along railway lines In the North west
44
Why are Mumbai slums built in the inner city?
It’s clone to industrial areas for work
45
What are chawls?
A type of residential builidng
46
What are 3 top-down strategies used to improve sustainability in Mumbai?
- Vision Mumbai - Gorai Garbage Site - Mumbai Monorail
47
What were the 4 aims of Vision Mumbai?
- Build 1 million low cost homes to reduce slums - Improve transport infrastructure - road and rail - Improve air and water quality by reducing pollution - Boost economic growth
48
What was done to improve housing as part of Vision Mumbai?
- Piped water and sewage systems were established for new flats - 200,000 people were moved - 45,000 homes demolished in Dharavi - New flats replaced slums
49
What are the advantages of Vision Mumbai?
- More transport - Less slums - Cleaner environment - Less diseases
50
What are the disadvantages of Vision Mumbai?
- Rent costs more than in slums - Many preferred slum improvement - Residents didn’t like it
51
Describe the Gorai Garbage Site in 2007
- 1200 tonnes of Mumbai’s waste was deposited at the landfill site every day - Emitted unpleasant smelling methane - Was 20 hectares and 27metres deep
52
What changed were made to Gorai Garabge Site to improve the environment?
- Planted with grasses to create a park - Methane capture technology was installed to use methane gas to generate power
53
What are the advantages of Gorai Garbage Site Closure?
- Fresh air - Popular lark
54
What are the disadvantages of Gorai Garbage Site Closure?
- Property prices increased
55
Why was a monorail built to tackle Mumbais transport problems?
Buses travelled slowly and a monorail could quickly take passengers off road, over built up areas
56
What are the advantages of Mumbai Monorail
- Cheap tickets - Clean form of transport
57
What are the disadvantages of Mumbai Monorail
- Expensive to built - Not a lot of people use it
58
What are 3 bottom-up strategies used to improve Mumbai?
- LSS - SPARC toilet blocks - Agora microfinance
59
When was LSS set up and why?
- In 1976 to control leprosy in Chunbatti slums
60
What are 5 things LSS do?
- Survey communities to detect skin diseases - Set up dermatology clinics - Run pharmacies to dispense drugs - Run kindergartens for young children to help parents - Educate people about better sanitation
61
What are advantages of LSS?
Help treats people and improve their quality of life
62
What are disadvantages of LSS?
Expensive
63
How many people have LSS cured?
75%
64
How do people use SPARC toilet blocks?
Families can purchase monthly permits to use toilet blocks for 25 rupees
65
What do SPARC toilet blocks have to make them safer at night?
Electric lights
66
How many community toilet blocks have SPARC provided?
800
67
What are the advantages of SPARC toilet blocks?
- Cheap - Community likes it
68
What does Agora Microfinance do?
Provide loans for people in slums who want to improve their homes or invest in a business
69
What are the advantages of Agora Microfinance?
It was a service that was impossible for the urban poor to access previously
70
What are the disadvantages of Agora Microfinance?
Interest rates are high, reducing profits
71
How much are individual loans and interest rate for Agora Microfinance?
Up to £300 and 25% interest rate
72
Why has Mumbai grown?
Rural - urban migration Natural increase
73
What’s an opportunity of living in Mumbai?
Jobs in call centres like BT earn $3000 a year
74
Name 2 contrasting areas in Mumbai
Colaba and Dharavi

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