Challenges Of An Urbanising World Flashcards
Learn all about urbanisation and how it effects countries (40 cards)
how to calculate percentage rate of change
Actual increase
———————— x100%
Original value
Define ‘Urbanisation’
An increase in the percentage of people living in urban areas(towns and cities), compared to rural areas(the countryside).
State one cause of urbanisation:
Reason 1- rural to urban migration
People move into towns and cities from the countryside. Countries in Asia and Africa have industrialised and factories built in towns and cities there attract workers. Most people in developed countries already live in urban areas so less migration is possible e.g. UK is 80% urban.
State one cause of migration:
Reason 2- natural increase
Birth rates are higher than death rates in developing and emerging countries whereas the rate of natural increase in developed countries is often low or even negative.
Define ‘megacity’
A city with a population of more than 10 million people.
Define a ‘primate city’
Urban areas that dominate the economic and political systems in a country. Most are megacities but not all.
Define ‘migration’
The movement of people from one place to another.
Define ‘internal/national migration’
Movement of people from one part of a country to another.
Define ‘international migration’
Movement of people from one country to to another country.
Define ‘socio-economic processes’
Changes related to people and jobs, money or trade.
Define ‘formal employment’ and give some characteristics.
Jobs (some highly-skilled) where people work for regular pay, have employment rights and pay taxes.
- Contracted hours
- May offer sick/holiday pay
- Some worker protection
- Many self-employed workers
- Relatively safe working environment
Define ‘informal employment’ and give some characteristics.
Unofficial work, often unskilled, without regular pay and employment rights.
- No set hours
- No formal workplace e.g. the street
- Many self-employed workers
What does ‘Land use’ mean?
The ‘function of the land’ e.g. ‘what is land used for’.
List three types of land use:
Commercial - offices and shops
Industrial - factories and warehouses
Residential - houses
What does ‘site’ mean?
The actual location of the settlement on the Earth.
What does ‘situation’ mean?
The location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places.
What does ‘connectivity’ mean?
How well a place is connected to other economic locations.
Define ‘suburbanisation’
People move from the city centre to the edge of the city - the suburbs.
Define ‘de-industrialisation’
The industry in the city begins to decline.
Define ‘counter-urbanisation’
People chose to leave larger towns and cities to move to more rural areas.
Define ‘regeneration’
Run-down inner city areas are redeveloped.
Outer suburbs
The outer suburbs grew along the railway lines. People used the railways to commute to the CBD.
Inner suburbs
Inner suburbs contain chawls - poor quality older houses built for textile mill workers. Older slums are located here e.g. Dharavi
Central Business District (CBD)
The CBD is located at the southern end of the peninsula. Company HQ’s are found here e.g. VW. Very wealthy people live in New expensive apartments along the waterfront.
