FWS > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What is disgorgement?

A

The removal of yeast after the second fermentation

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2
Q

Three advancements that led to the development of sparkling wine.

A

Stronger glass bottles
Uniform bottle neck openings
Mainstream use of cork

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3
Q

The home of the Counts of Champagne

A

Troyes

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4
Q

When was the king’s degree to allow champagne to be transported

A

1728

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5
Q

What was the first champagne house?

A

Ruinart 1729

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6
Q

What is a mono-parcelle?

A

A single vineyard

Clos des Goisses

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7
Q

What is a mono-cru?

A

Cru from one village.

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8
Q

What is the name of the 17th century wooden instrument used to eliminate carbon dioxide from sparkling wine?

A

Mosser

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9
Q

What is sur lattes?

A

Lattes are thin strips of wood used to separate one row of champagne bottles from another in a stack

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10
Q

Who was Clovis?

A

King of the Franks who united most of the country under his rule.
Baptized in Reims

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11
Q

What is the difference between Methode Champagnoise and Method Traditionnelle?

A

Champagne claims ownership of the expression Method Champagnoise. Sparkling wines outside of Champagne made in the Method Champagnoise method must use Method Traditionnelle.

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12
Q

Where is Champagne located?

A

Northeast France

Between 48 and 49.5 parallel

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13
Q

What is the most popular style of Champagne?

A

Non vintage brut

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14
Q

What is chalk?

A

A porous limestone, sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate.

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15
Q

What is the climate of Champagne?

A

Continental climate with maritime influences
Cold harsh winters below -10C
Summers are warm
Spring and autumn can have heavy frosts

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16
Q

What are the climate related threats in Champagne?

A 
Low temperatures
Damaging spring frost
Hail
Fog
Rain
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17
Q

What factors mitigate climate threats?

A

Meso -climates with sun traps
Rivers - moderate temperatures
Maritime influences bring temperature moderation to negate frost

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18
Q

What is the advantage of chalk?

A

Chalk subsoil drains surface moisture and stores water

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19
Q

What are the two types of chalk?

A

Belemnite
preferred upper to mid-slope levels.
Chalk composed of the fossilized remains of squid like animals

Micraster-
flatter slopes composed of fossilized sea urchins

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20
Q

What are Champagne’s sub-regions?

A 
Montagne 
Val de Reims
Vallėe de la Marne
Côtes des Blancs and surroundings
Côtes des Bar
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21
Q

What is the soil of Montagne?

A

Limestone rich Marl

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22
Q

Where is Kimmeridgean marl found in Champagne?

A

Cote des Bar

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23
Q

What is the soil of the Vallée de la Marne?

A

A mix if marl sand and clay.

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24
Q

What is the soil of Val de Reims?

A

A mix if marl sand and clay.

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25
What is the soil of Côteaux Sud d’Épernay
A mix if marl sand and clay.
26
What is the soil of Val du Petit Morin?
A mix of marl, sand, clay and chalk.
27
What is the major city of Montagne?
Reims
28
What is the major city of Val de Reims?
Reims
29
What are the major plantings of Montagne and Val de Reims?
Meunier
30
What is the major river of Montagne and Val de Reims?
Vesle River | Ardre River
31
What is the major river of the Val de Marne?
Marne river
32
What is the major grape of the Vallee de la Marne?
Pinot Noir
33
What are the four terroirs of the Montagne and Val de Reims
Massif de Saint Thierry Grand Montagne de Reims Months de Berru Val de Reims
34
What are the six terroirs of Vallee de la Marne
``` Grande Vallee de la Marne Vallee de la Marne Rive Gauche Vallee de la Marne Rive Droite Vallee de la Marne Ouest Conde Coteaux Sud d”Epernay ```
35
What are the Echelle des Crus
A ranking of villages and quality which established Grand Cru and Premier Cru growers. Set price. Not used since 2003
36
What are the principal grapes of Champagne?
Pinot Noir Meunier Chardonnay
37
What are the secondary grapes of Champagne?
Pinot Gris Pinot Blanc Arcane Petit Meslier
38
What are the characteristic profile of Champagne sparkling wine production?
Notes of toast, brioche and pastry. Requires neutral base wine that expresses autolytic characteristics. Grapes with modest aromatic profile
39
What are the characteristics of Chardonnay from Champagne?
Notes of apple and citrus; high alcohol and high acidity Principle and exclusive grape in Blanc de Blanc Grown in chalk soils
40
What are the characteristics of Pinot Gris from Champagne?
Believed to be Fromenteau | Authorized and occasionally used.
41
What are the characteristics of Pinot Noir from Champagne?
``` Most widely planted grape Grows well on limestone rich marl Notes of strawberry, cherry, red fruits Contributes the least amount of acidity Moderate alcohol ```
42
What are the characteristics of Meunier from Champagne?
``` Bright red fruit Earthiness with a note of rye bread Moderate acidity Least amount of alcohol Softens the blend Planted on marl, sand and clay ```
43
What are the approved training methods for the vines of Champagne?
Chablis Cordon Guyot Vallee de la Marne is exclusive for Meunier Grand Cru of Premier Cru must be trained in Chablis or Cordon
44
What are the rootstock considerations in Champagne?
High acid berries Resistant to grey rot and botrytis Bigger berries Later bud break
45
What is Vintage Champagne?
The story of the grape in one growing season Only crafted in good vintages Lower production numbers 12 months on lees and three years from triage to release
46
What is Non-vintage Champagne?
The grape through multi-vintages | 12 months sur lees, three months in cellar
47
What is Grand Cru Champagne?
Made from the grapes sourced from 17 Grand Cru villages
48
What is Premier Cru Champagne?
Made from grapes from the 42 Premier Cru villages and may include grapes from the Grand Cru villages
49
What is Prestige Cuvées?
Highest quality bottling Made from special parcels, old vines, Grand Cru sites Prolonged lees contact, oak treatment or cellaring Verve Clicquot “La Grand Dame”
50
What is Late-disgorged champagne?
Spent many years on the lees before disgorgement
51
What is Special Club champagne?
Peer reviewed prestige cuvées from members of the Club Trevor’s de Champagne
52
What is NM: Negociant-Manipulant on a Champagne label?
A producer that incorporates grapes purchased from others in the vilification process.
53
What is RM: Recoltant-Manipulant on a Champagne label?
A producer vinifying only their own estate grown grapes. | An RM does not purchase grapes from others
54
What are the AOC of Champagne?
Rose des Riceys Coteaux Champagnois Champagne
55
How many Premier Cru in Champagne?
42
56
How many Grand Cru in Champagne?
17
57
What was Louis Pasture’s role in Champagne?
The action and significance of yeast
58
What are the steps in Methode Champagnois
``` Hand picked Pressing First fermentation produces base wine (vins clairs) Assemblage - blending Tirage- bottling with addition of yeast and sugar Second fermentation - elevate sur lattes Remuage - riddling Disgorgement - Disgorging Dosage Resting Released ```
59
How much of the NV blend is from the current year?
70%
60
What are the sweetness levels of Champagne?
``` Brut Nature Extra Brut Brut Extra Sec Sec Demi-Sec Doux ```
61
What Champagne grape gives the least amount of acidity to a blend?
Pinot Noir
62
What is the most planted grape in Champagne?
Pinot Noir 38%
63
What is the second most planted grape in Champagne?
Meunier 32%
64
What is the third most planted grape in Champagne?
Chardonnay 30%
65
What are the AOC of Champagne?
Rose des Riceys Coteaux Champenois Champagne
66
What is the wine of Rose des Riceys?
Still rose made exclusively from Pinot Noir.
67
What is the wine from Coteaux Champenois?
Still wines only | Small quantities of rose and red are produced.
68
What are the wines of Champagne AOC?
Sparkling white and rose | No blending formula
69
Why is blending critical in Champagne?
``` Marginal climate-difficult to ripen grapes Frost & Freeze Rain Mildew Grapes come from anywhere across region Majority is non-vintage House style ```

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