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FWS > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

1
Q

What is disgorgement?

A

The removal of yeast after the second fermentation

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2
Q

Three advancements that led to the development of sparkling wine.

A

Stronger glass bottles
Uniform bottle neck openings
Mainstream use of cork

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3
Q

The home of the Counts of Champagne

A

Troyes

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4
Q

When was the king’s degree to allow champagne to be transported

A

1728

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5
Q

What was the first champagne house?

A

Ruinart 1729

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6
Q

What is a mono-parcelle?

A

A single vineyard

Clos des Goisses

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7
Q

What is a mono-cru?

A

Cru from one village.

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8
Q

What is the name of the 17th century wooden instrument used to eliminate carbon dioxide from sparkling wine?

A

Mosser

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9
Q

What is sur lattes?

A

Lattes are thin strips of wood used to separate one row of champagne bottles from another in a stack

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10
Q

Who was Clovis?

A

King of the Franks who united most of the country under his rule.
Baptized in Reims

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11
Q

What is the difference between Methode Champagnoise and Method Traditionnelle?

A

Champagne claims ownership of the expression Method Champagnoise. Sparkling wines outside of Champagne made in the Method Champagnoise method must use Method Traditionnelle.

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12
Q

Where is Champagne located?

A

Northeast France

Between 48 and 49.5 parallel

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13
Q

What is the most popular style of Champagne?

A

Non vintage brut

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14
Q

What is chalk?

A

A porous limestone, sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate.

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15
Q

What is the climate of Champagne?

A

Continental climate with maritime influences
Cold harsh winters below -10C
Summers are warm
Spring and autumn can have heavy frosts

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16
Q

What are the climate related threats in Champagne?

A 
Low temperatures
Damaging spring frost
Hail
Fog
Rain
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17
Q

What factors mitigate climate threats?

A

Meso -climates with sun traps
Rivers - moderate temperatures
Maritime influences bring temperature moderation to negate frost

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18
Q

What is the advantage of chalk?

A

Chalk subsoil drains surface moisture and stores water

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19
Q

What are the two types of chalk?

A

Belemnite
preferred upper to mid-slope levels.
Chalk composed of the fossilized remains of squid like animals

Micraster-
flatter slopes composed of fossilized sea urchins

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20
Q

What are Champagne’s sub-regions?

A 
Montagne 
Val de Reims
Vallėe de la Marne
Côtes des Blancs and surroundings
Côtes des Bar
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21
Q

What is the soil of Montagne?

A

Limestone rich Marl

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22
Q

Where is Kimmeridgean marl found in Champagne?

A

Cote des Bar

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23
Q

What is the soil of the Vallée de la Marne?

A

A mix if marl sand and clay.

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24
Q

What is the soil of Val de Reims?

A

A mix if marl sand and clay.

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25
Q

What is the soil of Côteaux Sud d’Épernay

A

A mix if marl sand and clay.

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26
Q

What is the soil of Val du Petit Morin?

A

A mix of marl, sand, clay and chalk.

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27
Q

What is the major city of Montagne?

A

Reims

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28
Q

What is the major city of Val de Reims?

A

Reims

29
Q

What are the major plantings of Montagne and Val de Reims?

A

Meunier

30
Q

What is the major river of Montagne and Val de Reims?

A

Vesle River

Ardre River

31
Q

What is the major river of the Val de Marne?

A

Marne river

32
Q

What is the major grape of the Vallee de la Marne?

A

Pinot Noir

33
Q

What are the four terroirs of the Montagne and Val de Reims

A

Massif de Saint Thierry
Grand Montagne de Reims
Months de Berru
Val de Reims

34
Q

What are the six terroirs of Vallee de la Marne

A 
Grande Vallee de la Marne
Vallee de la Marne Rive Gauche
Vallee de la Marne Rive Droite
Vallee de la Marne Ouest
Conde
Coteaux Sud d”Epernay
35
Q

What are the Echelle des Crus

A

A ranking of villages and quality which established Grand Cru and Premier Cru growers. Set price. Not used since 2003

36
Q

What are the principal grapes of Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir
Meunier
Chardonnay

37
Q

What are the secondary grapes of Champagne?

A

Pinot Gris
Pinot Blanc
Arcane
Petit Meslier

38
Q

What are the characteristic profile of Champagne sparkling wine production?

A

Notes of toast, brioche and pastry.
Requires neutral base wine that expresses autolytic characteristics.
Grapes with modest aromatic profile

39
Q

What are the characteristics of Chardonnay from Champagne?

A

Notes of apple and citrus; high alcohol and high acidity
Principle and exclusive grape in Blanc de Blanc
Grown in chalk soils

40
Q

What are the characteristics of Pinot Gris from Champagne?

A

Believed to be Fromenteau

Authorized and occasionally used.

41
Q

What are the characteristics of Pinot Noir from Champagne?

A 
Most widely planted grape
Grows well on limestone rich marl
Notes of strawberry, cherry, red fruits
Contributes the least amount of acidity
Moderate alcohol
42
Q

What are the characteristics of Meunier from Champagne?

A 
Bright red fruit
Earthiness with a note of rye bread
Moderate acidity 
Least amount of alcohol 
Softens the blend
Planted on marl, sand and clay
43
Q

What are the approved training methods for the vines of Champagne?

A

Chablis
Cordon
Guyot
Vallee de la Marne is exclusive for Meunier
Grand Cru of Premier Cru must be trained in Chablis or Cordon

44
Q

What are the rootstock considerations in Champagne?

A

High acid berries
Resistant to grey rot and botrytis
Bigger berries
Later bud break

45
Q

What is Vintage Champagne?

A

The story of the grape in one growing season
Only crafted in good vintages
Lower production numbers
12 months on lees and three years from triage to release

46
Q

What is Non-vintage Champagne?

A

The grape through multi-vintages

12 months sur lees, three months in cellar

47
Q

What is Grand Cru Champagne?

A

Made from the grapes sourced from 17 Grand Cru villages

48
Q

What is Premier Cru Champagne?

A

Made from grapes from the 42 Premier Cru villages and may include grapes from the Grand Cru villages

49
Q

What is Prestige Cuvées?

A

Highest quality bottling
Made from special parcels, old vines, Grand Cru sites
Prolonged lees contact, oak treatment or cellaring
Verve Clicquot “La Grand Dame”

50
Q

What is Late-disgorged champagne?

A

Spent many years on the lees before disgorgement

51
Q

What is Special Club champagne?

A

Peer reviewed prestige cuvées from members of the Club Trevor’s de Champagne

52
Q

What is NM: Negociant-Manipulant on a Champagne label?

A

A producer that incorporates grapes purchased from others in the vilification process.

53
Q

What is RM: Recoltant-Manipulant on a Champagne label?

A

A producer vinifying only their own estate grown grapes.

An RM does not purchase grapes from others

54
Q

What are the AOC of Champagne?

A

Rose des Riceys
Coteaux Champagnois
Champagne

55
Q

How many Premier Cru in Champagne?

A

42

56
Q

How many Grand Cru in Champagne?

A

17

57
Q

What was Louis Pasture’s role in Champagne?

A

The action and significance of yeast

58
Q

What are the steps in Methode Champagnois

A 
Hand picked
Pressing
First fermentation produces base wine (vins clairs)
Assemblage - blending
Tirage- bottling with addition of yeast and sugar
Second fermentation - elevate sur lattes
Remuage - riddling
Disgorgement - Disgorging
Dosage
Resting
Released
59
Q

How much of the NV blend is from the current year?

A

70%

60
Q

What are the sweetness levels of Champagne?

A 
Brut Nature 
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Sec
Sec
Demi-Sec
Doux
61
Q

What Champagne grape gives the least amount of acidity to a blend?

A

Pinot Noir

62
Q

What is the most planted grape in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir 38%

63
Q

What is the second most planted grape in Champagne?

A

Meunier 32%

64
Q

What is the third most planted grape in Champagne?

A

Chardonnay 30%

65
Q

What are the AOC of Champagne?

A

Rose des Riceys
Coteaux Champenois
Champagne

66
Q

What is the wine of Rose des Riceys?

A

Still rose made exclusively from Pinot Noir.

67
Q

What is the wine from Coteaux Champenois?

A

Still wines only

Small quantities of rose and red are produced.

68
Q

What are the wines of Champagne AOC?

A

Sparkling white and rose

No blending formula

69
Q

Why is blending critical in Champagne?

A 
Marginal climate-difficult to ripen grapes
	Frost & Freeze
	Rain
	Mildew
Grapes come from anywhere across region
Majority is non-vintage
House style

FWS (4 decks)

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