Champagne - Viti and Viniculture Flashcards
(291 cards)
1
Q
Can you call a sparkling wine Champagne if its not from Champagne, France
A
No, if the wine isn’t made from Champagne, France it legally can’t be called Champagne. It can be called methode traditionalle or methode classique
2
Q
Yeast goes dormant at what temp?
A
50 degrees Fahrenheit
3
Q
What is the method of Champagne used to make sparkling wine from Champagne, France
A
Methode Champenoise
4
Q
What are the two separate fermentations involved in Methode Champenoise?
A
- Create a still wine ( Vin Clair)
2. Prisse Demousse - In a bottle create and trap carbonation
5
Q
What is the soil type of Champagne?
A
Chalk under tones of limestone, clay, sand and marl
6
Q
What is assemblage?
A
Process of blending done by the cellar master to make a house blend
7
Q
What are the two main rivers of Champagne?
A
Velse River - Montage de Reims
Marne River - Vallee de la Marne
8
Q
What are the two main cities in the region of Champagne?
A
Reims
Epernay
9
Q
What region in Champagne does the city of Reims reside in?
A
Montage de Reims
10
Q
What region is closest to the city of Epernay?
A
Vallee de la Marne
11
Q
If a Champagne is 100% Chardonnay which region was it probably produced in?
A
Côte de Blancs
12
Q
If a Champagne is 100% Pinot Noir which region was it probably produced in?
A
Montage de Reims
13
Q
What are the two forms of pressing Champagne grapes?
A
Cuvee - First Pressing
Taille - Second pressing, add with cuvee to make vintage or nonvintage champagne
14
Q
What are the 5 regions of Champagne?
A
North to South
- Montage de Reims
- Vallee de la Marne
- Cote des Blancs
- Cote de Sezanne
- Cote des Bars (The Aube)
15
Q
What is Remuage?
A
This is the process where the bottle is lightly shaken (either by hand or machine) in a way to gather the spent lees in the bottle towards the neck of the bottle
16
Q
When no sugar is added and the wine is bone dry it is called?
A
Brut Nature
17
Q
A minimal amount of sugar is added that is barely perceivable, causing the wine to be dry. This the most popular style of Champagne produced?
A
Brut
18
Q
Some sugar is added, making the wine off dry. The second most popular style of Champagne?
A
Extra Sec or Extra Dry
19
Q
What are Champagne vineyards called?
A
Houses
20
Q
What grape is a clone of Pinot Noir
A
Pinot Meunier
21
Q
What characteristic does Chardonnay have in sparkling wine?
A
Finesse
22
Q
What characteristic does Meunier have in sparkling wine?
A
Fruit Character
23
Q
What characteristic does Pinot Noir have in sparkling wine?
A
Body and Structure
24
Q
The dead deposit of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of “fining”, to the bottom of a vat of wine after fermentation and aging is called?
A
Lees
25
What is the most common champagne style?
Non Vintage
26
Expelling the sediments from the title after remuage is called?
Disgorgement
27
What grape accounts for the largest acreage in Champagne?
Pinot Noir
28
What is the southernly region in Champagne?
Cote des Bar (The Aube)
29
Which of the following methods involves a single fermentation that begins in the tank but concludes in the bottle
Methode Ancestrale
30
If a champagne is Blanc de Noir it is 100% what?
Black grapes but mainly Pinot Noir
31
If a champagne is blanc de blanc it is 100% what?
Chardonnay
32
True or False
Louis Roederer produces the prestige cuvee "Dom Perignon"
False - the prestige cuvee for Louis Roederer is Cristal
33
The number of grams of sugar added after disgorgement is called?
Liqueur D' Expedition also known as dosage
34
What is another name for Dosage?
Liquer D'Expedition
35
What is liqueur de Tirage?
Before the second fermentation the addition of sugar, wine and yeast
36
What are the steps of Methode Champenoise?
Harvest
Pressing Grapes (Whole Cluster only)
Fermentation
Assemblage - Making still wine
Liqueur de Tirage
Second Fermentation
Riddling
Desgorgement
Liqueur D'Expedition (Dosage)
Recorking
Aging
37
How many bottles are on a Pupitre?
60 Bottles
38
How many bottles does a Gyropallate hold?
504 Bottles
39
What is the minimum aging for nonvintage wine?
15 months
40
What is the minimum aging for vintage wine?
36 months
41
What are some common Champagne aromas?
Apple
Toast
Citrus
Yeast
Hazelnuts / Walnuts
42
What is the oldest sparkling Champagne House?
Ruinart - established in 1729 as a sparkling wine house
43
Who developed the formula for secondary fermentation?
A pharmacist named Andre - Francois along with Jean - Antoine Chapal (chaptalization)
44
Who created the first brut champagne?
Pommery in 1874
45
What is special about Champagne labeling?
They are the only appellation that is not required to state AOP / AOC on the label
46
How and why was the CIVIC created?
It was formed during Nazi occupation in 1941 by Count Robert Jean de Vogue of Moet to protect the interest of the Champenois from the Nazis
47
What was the first vintage of Dom Perignon
1921 but was released in 1936
48
What is belemnite chalk?
Derived from cephalopods (ancient squid)
49
What is micraster chalk?
Derived from sea urchins - common in the valley
50
What are the pruning methods allowed in Champagne?
Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Vallee de la Marne
Guyot (single and double)
51
What grapes other than the three major grapes are permitted in Champagne? Also known as Heirloom grapes?
Arbane
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier
Pinot Blanc Vrai
52
What is the pressing limit enforced by the CIVIC since 1993?
102 L per 160kg of grapes
2,500L per 4,000kg of grapes (size of a coequard press) also called a Marc
53
What does blocage and deblocage mean?
Blocage - the reserve of wine stock for use in future vintages
Deblocage - the release of those reserve wine stocks
54
What is a matriculation number?
A number assigned to each producer by the CIVIC
55
What does NM mean on a Champagne label?
Negoicant Manipulant
- a house that purchases grape or base wine.
- They may also own their own vineyards
56
What does RM mean on a bottle of champagne?
Recoltant Manipulant
- a grower producer who makes wine from estate fruit 96% must come from their own vineyards
57
What does CM mean on a bottle of champagne?
Cooperative Manipulant
- A grower cooperative that produces a wine under one brand
58
Where does RC mean on a bottle of champagne?
Recoltant Cooperateur
- A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative but is labeled as their own brand
59
What does SR mean on a bottle of champagne?
Societe de Recoltants
- a firm, not a cooperative of growers often related who pool their resources to vinify their wines and market them under several brands
60
What does ND mean on a bottle of champagne?
Negociant Distributer
- a middleman company, that distributes Champagne that they did not make
61
Where was Dom Perignon cellar master?
The Abbey of Hautviller from 1668 til 1715
62
What does Petillant mean?
Semi Sparkling
63
What does Demi Mousseux mean?
Cremont
64
What is the oldest champagne house still in operation today?
Gosset - established in 1584, was founded as a still wine producer
65
Who is Madame Barbe - Nicole Ponsardin
The Veuve Cluquot
66
What did Madame Barbe Nicole Ponsardin pioneer once she took over the house of Clicquot
The development of the pupitre
67
What was the name of the first brut champagne produced by Pommery in 1874?
Pommery Nature
68
When was Champagne enshrined into the AOC / AOP
June 29, 1936
69
What is the Commission de Chalons
Founded in 1936 in Champagne as a consortium of growers and merchants to develop quality standards and regulate pricing
70
What are some of the wars that have taken place in or around Champagne?
Hundred Years War
16th Century Religious Conflicts
Thirty Years War
World War I
World War II
71
How many villages are authorized to grow grapes for Champagne
357
72
Pinot Noir is the prominent grapes in what districts in Champagne
Montage de Reims
Cote des Bars (The Aube)
73
Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what regions in Champagne
Cote Sezanne
Cote des Blancs
74
Pinot Meunier is the dominant grape for what region in Champagne
Vallee de la Marne
75
Who can receive Cru status in Champagne
Cru status is awarded to the entire village in Champagne, rather than an individual vineyard or house
76
How many Grand Cru villages are their in Champagne
17
77
How many Premier Cru villages are their in Champagne
42
78
What does the CIVIC regulate
1. Size of Harvest
2. Authorizes blocage and deblocage
3. Safeguards the protected designation of Champagne
79
What is the percentile system by which villages or Crus of Champagne appellations are rated
Echelle de Crus
80
If a village achieved the maximum echelle (scale) of 100in Champagne what is it called
Grand Cru
81
If a village achieved an echelle of 99 to 90 they are classified as
Premier Cru
82
What are the only Premier Cru Villages with an 99% ranking
Tauxieres - Montage de Reims
Mareuil-sur-Ay - Vallee de la Marne
83
Villages in Champagne with a rating below 90 are classified as
Crus
84
Large Champagne houses such as:
Moet et Chandon
Louis Roederer
Vueve Cliqout Ponsardin
Tattinger
Pol Roger
Perrier - Jouet
GH Mumm
Laurent - Perrier
All fall under what type of champagne produced
Negociant Manipukant
85
What is a MA
Marque d'Acheteur - buyers own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label
86
The vin de cuvee while pressing accounts for the first _________ liters of juice
2,050 liters
87
The vin de taille when pressing grapes for champagne accounts for following ______ liters, following the extraction of the vin de cuvee juices.
500 liters
88
During the primary fermentation of the still wine during the making of champagne, what type of barrels are used?
Stainless Steel
Oak - some used oak barrels are used but new oak barrels are common as well
89
What is the heart of the Methode Champenoise process
The second fermentation
90
What is Prise de Mousse
The prise de mousse is the operation during which the still wine, once placed in the bottle, turns into sparkling wine by a second fermentation.
91
What type of bottle cap is used during the second fermentation
A crown cap
92
What is a bidule
A plastic capsule that captures the sediment during Remuage
93
How long does the second fermentation process last
Up to 8 weeks
94
During the second fermentation the carbon dioxide creates a pressure inside the bottle of __________ to ________ atmosphere
5 to 6
95
What is it called when each bottle is briskly shaken in order to prevent the sediment from sticking to the side of the bottles
Pointage
96
What is degorgement a la grace
The dulling the neck of bottles into a freezing brine solution
97
What is degorgement a la volee
An older method of disgorgement
This method is done by hand. A person removes the crown cap with a opener to release sediment out of the bottle
98
What is the mixture of dosage
Sugar, syrup, and wine
99
What is the maximum amount of years harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne
80%
100
What are Coteaux Champenois and Rose de Riceys
The still wine appellations within Champagne
101
What type of wines are made in Coteaux Champenois
Red Wine
White Wine
102
What is the name of the still wine that makes champagne
Vin Clair
103
What does atmospheric pressure mean
A measure of atmospheric pressure:
1 atmosphere = 15 pounds per square inch
104
What are the 5 departments of Champagne
```
Aisne
Aube
Marne
Haut Marne
Seine et Marne
```
105
What department accounts for the most planting of vines in Champagne
Marne at 66%
106
How many villages make up champagne
330 villages
107
How many Grand Crus are there in Champagne
17
108
Before 1985 how many Grand Crus were their in Champagne
12
109
How many 1er Cru are their in Champagne
42
110
What directions do most slopes face in Champagne
Predominantly south, east and southeast - facing slopes
111
Pinot Noir is the dominant grape in what areas in Champagne
Montage Reims
The Aube (Cote des Bar)
112
Meunier is the dominant grape in what areas in Champagne
Vallee de la Marne
113
Chardonnay is the dominant grape in what area in Champagne
Cote Des Blancs
114
What percentage of Pinot Noir is grown in Champagne
Pinot Noir makes up 38%
115
What percentage of Meunier is grown in Champagne
Meunier makes up 32%
116
What percentage of Chardonnay is grown in Champagne
Chardonnay makes up 30%
117
What are some classic flavours of Champagne?
```
Toast
Brioche
Biscuits
Pastries
White Flowers (Lillies)
Pear
Apple
Grilled Nuts (hazel / walnuts)
honeysuckle
Strawberries (Rose)
Oranges
Grapefruit
```
118
What are the 3 legal stages where you can use sugar in Champagne
1. Chaptalisation (option during the still wine process)
2. Liqeur de Tirage
3. Liqueur d'expedition
119
What is Boues de Ville (also known as Gadoues)
The dominant fertilizer used in Champagne from the 1960's til 1998
Note
The fertilizer was a combination of trash, plastic and crushed glass
120
What is the dominant fertilizer soil addition in Champagne
Wood Chips
121
What is a geological blend
A blend that is based on grapes from a similar soil instead of using a variety of terriors to make a house style
Note
Pascal Agrapart is known for using this style with his wines (Mineral & Avizoise)
122
What is Maillard Reaction
A process involving the interactions of amino acids with the addition of sugar in the wine
This reaction is what gives Champagne those traditional aromas and flavors of brioche, yeast and dough
123
What is the disadvantage of using wood chips as a fertilizer
Changes the nitrogen balance of the soil
The chips smother the soil
Negatively impacts life in the soil
Can bring new fungi that are not indigenous to the region
124
What are some advantages of using wood chip fertilizer
They give the soil more structure
Help minimize erosion
Allows the vineyard workers to drive trackers across the vineyard in wet weather
125
What is Massal Selection
Seeks to identify vines that produce the finest grapes
Note: French wine growing term for the practice of replanting new vineyards with cuttings from exceptional old vines from the same (or nearby) property
126
What is Reseau Matu
A network created to monitor grape ripening
Note: (Ripening Observation Network) - Consisting of volunteer professionals - wine growers, vineyard managers, House Managers, etc - the Reseau Matu monitors ripening in 404 vineyard plots that represent the Champagne vineyard as a whole.
- based upon their tasting they create a harvest schedule for these selected vineyards
127
Who invented the Pupitre
Madam Barbe Nicole Clicquot Ponsardin
Cellermaster Antoine De Muller
128
Who invented the Muselet
Adolphe Jacquesson
129
What is a Muselet
A wire cage that holds the champagne cork firmly and stops it from being pushed out by the gas pressure in the bottle
130
What is Sucre - Oenometre
Created in 1836
A device that allows winemakers to measure the amount of sugar in their wines quickly and simply
131
Who invented the Sucre - Oenometre
Jean Baptiste Francois
132
What is Prisse de Mousse
Created in 1831
The quantity of sugar required for the secondary fermentation in the bottle
Also known as Reduction Francois
133
What bodies of water are located to the northwest of the region of Champagne
North Sea and the English Channel
134
How much sunlight does the region of Champagne receive a year
1,650 hours if sunlight annually
135
What is the average temperature a year in Champagne
52 degrees
136
How many acres of vines are in Champagne
84,000 acres
137
What is method perpetualle
A solera style system used in Champagne where winemakers store in a single barrel a particular vineyard over the course of years to create the perfect cuvee
138
what event caused belemnite fossils to be found in the soils of Champagne
Ancient Earthquakes
139
What does the belemnite chalk do for the vineyards
It moderates the soil temperature as it absorbs the heat throughout the day and gradually releases it at night
Note
Good for drainage of water
140
What does Kimmeridgian Clay do for the vineyard
Drains the soil very well but not as good or as effective as chalk
141
What is the average annual temperature in Champagne
50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius)
142
Weather in Champagne is similar to where in the United States
Pacific Northwest
143
What is the vine training style used for Chardonnay
Chablis
144
What is the vine training style used for Pinot Noir
Cordon de Royet
145
What is the vine training styles used for Meunier
Vallee de la Marne
146
Harvest typically begins in what month
Mid September
147
Why is the decision to harvest very important in Champagne
If you pick too early - you risk under ripeness or unpleasantly green flavors
If you pick too late - you risk acidity falling to rapidly
If the weather is wet - you risk potentially getting rot on your grapes
148
A standard press in Champagne holds how many grapes on average and a fixed quantity is known as a ___________ ?
8,000 pounds ( 4,000 kilograms)
Known as a "Marc"
149
The most common champagne press producer is _____________
Coquard
150
The first 100 liters of juice produced in the press is called __________ and why is it discarded?
Autopressurage - due to the dust and impurities from the surface of the grapes
151
Each action on the press going down is known as
Serre
152
The first 3 serres are known as what?
Cuvee
Note:
- Not the same term as the blend that makes champagne
- refers to the first and finest portion of the pressing
153
What is the total quantity of juice obtained from the Cuvee (pressed)
2,050 liters
154
What is the 4th thru 6th serre known as
Taille
155
A taille has a total quantity of __________ juice obtained from the pressing
500 liters
156
Describe the style of juice that is created from the taille
The taille produces juice with a coarser press with more skin contact
157
What are some of the characteristics of the Cuvee (Pressing )
Has finesse and is capable of greater longevity
158
What are some characteristics of the Taille (pressing)
Ripe
Clean
Known to have fruity aromas, that can soften a blend and allow it to show well at an early age
159
What type of oak used for barrels that store the Vin Clair
French Oak
160
What is malolactic fermentation
a bacterial reaction that converts malic acid (green apple like) to a softer creamier lactic acid
- Creates a creamy and buttery flavor
161
At what temperature is the vin clair stored after blending and why
25 degrees F ( -4 degrees Celsius)
- must be held at that temperature for 24 hours or more to precipitate tartrate crystals, which prevents their formation in the bottles later
162
What is the sugar to atmospheric ratio for liqueur de tirage
4 grams of sugar = 1 atmospheric of pressure
163
What is the standard atmospheric pressure amount for champagne
6
164
how many grams of sugar are typically added in liqueur de triage
24 grams of sugar
165
Using the pruning method of Chablis in Champagne, how many spur buds are allowed for Arbanne, Chardonnay, Meunier, and Petit Meslier
5
166
Using the pruning method of Chablis in Champagne, how many spur buds are allowed for Meunier, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir
4
167
The Vallee de la Marne pruning method can only be applied to what grape
Meunier
168
What is the only approved grey grape in Champagne
Pinot Gris
169
What type of sugar is used in Liqueur d'Expedition
The sugar used is either beet sugar, cane sugar, or rectified concentrated grape must (MCR)
170
What is the maximum alcohol volume allowed for champagne
13%
171
How many hectares of vines are present within the terroir of Champagne AOC
33,500
172
Is malolactic fermentation process compulsory in champagne
No
- malolactic fermentation converts malic acid to lactic acid and it can occur during or after alcoholic fermentation. The winemaker can choose whether to arrest the process, depending on the type of characteristics that he or she wishes to add to their champagne
173
Does pressure increase or decrease in a champagne bottle with a change in temperature
The pressure inside a champagne bottle increases with a rise in temperature, which is why a warmer bottle of champagne will lose more wine if opening than a chilled bottle
174
What color grapes can be used for Champagne AOC
White, Black, and Grey
Note
4 White, 2 Black and 1 Grey are recognized for the Champagne Appellation
175
Who first planted the first vineyards in Champagne
The Romans of the 5th Century
Note; The Roman invaders planted the first vineyards in the north east of France at the beginning of the 5th century or earlier
176
Secondary Fermentation is obligatorily carried out in which size bottles
All bottle sizes between and including the half bottle (demi) and the 3 L Bottle (Jereboam). It is then possible to use the Champagne present in these bottles to fill the greater and smaller size formats
177
Can wood chipping be used in making Champagne
No, the use of wood chipping is not permitted in Champagne
Note: Using wood shavings or chippings to alter the characteristics of a wine is not allowed in Champagne
178
How many litres of wines does a traditional Champagne barrel contain?
205 litres
Note:
The traditional Champagne barrel contains 205 litres, whereas a Bordeaux barrel contains 228 litres
179
What is the maximum distance separating 2 rows of vines in a Champagne vineyard?
1.5 metres (4.9 feet)
Note:
Planting and vines density are both regulated by the Champagne appellation and the maximum distance allowed between two rows of vines is 1.5 metres (4.9 feet)
180
Jetting is a technique that can be used in which Champagne process?
Disgorgement
Note:
Jetting is a modern technique used during the disgorgement process to reduce the quantity of air present between the level of the Champagne in the bottle and the cork, by temporarily increasing the volume of the liquid to force the air out the bottle
181
Grapes are considered to be ripe for harvesting when the minimum natural alcoholic strength by volume has reached which level?
9%
Note:
Champagne AOC has been established that grapes can be considered to be ripe when there are 143g of sugar per litre of grape must and the natural alcoholic strength by volume has reached 9%
182
How much pressure does a bottle of Champagne lose during the disgorging and corking process?
Approximately 1 atmosphere
Note:
-The prisse de mousse will create approximately 6 atmospheres of pressure within the bottle.
- Around 1 atmosphere will be lost at disgorgement, so the final product will have a pressure of about 5 atmosphere
183
What year was the Echelle des Crus established and why
1911
- it was initially intended to regulate the prices of grapes, it ranked Champagne's villages on a percentage scale, which determined what percent of the fixed price that village's grapes would achieve
- The best villages were classified at 100% were called Grand Cru
- Villages classified between 99 -90 percent were called Premier Cru
184
When the Echelle des Crus created there system, how many orignal Grand Cru's were named?
12
185
What year did the Echelle des Crus expand the number of Grand Cru's in Champagne
1985
186
Name the region or regions that villages were added to the Echelle des Crus in 1985
Cote des Blancs and Montage de Reims
187
Name the villages added to the Grand Cru level in 1985
Verzy - Montage de Reims
Chouilly - Cote des Blancs
Mensil-sur-Oger - Cote des Blancs
Oger - Cote des Blancs
Oiry - Cote des Blancs
188
What percentage of vines have 100% Grand Cru status
9%
189
The Aisne department accounts for what percentage of vines in Champagne
10%
190
The Marne department accounts for what percentage of vines in Champagne
66%
191
The Seine -et-Marne department accounts for what percentage of vines in Champagne
Less than 1%
192
The Aube department accounts for what percentage of vines in Champagne
23%
193
The Haute - Marne department accounts for what percentage of vines in Champagne
Less than 1%
194
Champagne vines are planted at what Altitude
90 to 300 metres (295 to 984 feet)
195
Champagne AOC wines may only be produced from the fruit of vines in their __________ of growth
Third year (two years after planting)
196
What is the maximum spacing of individual vines in Champagne
0.9 - 1.5 metres (2.95 - 4.9 feet)
197
The total spacing between individual vines and rows in Champagne cant't be more than ___________
2.5 metres (8 feet)
198
How is the date of harvesting decided?
It depends on the ripeness of the grape
199
Pinot Noir and Meunier has aromas of
Exotic Fruits (Mango)
Citrus Fruit (Mandarin)
White and Yellowed fleshed fruits
Floral Notes (Roses and Violets)
Red and Black Berries
Spices
200
Chardonnay
Citrus Fruits (Lemon)
Exotic Fruits ( Lychee)
White Blossom
201
A champagne of 2 to 3 years of age will have what type of aromas
A wealth of fresh aromas from different families of vegetal, orange flowers, red berries, mineral notes, pear, citrus fruit, and white blossom
202
A champagne of 6 to 8 years of age will have what type of aromas
Maturity bring rounder, more intense aromas: Ripe fruits, honey, pastries, candied fruit, dried fruits, cooked fruit, vanilla, and milk caramel
203
A champagne of 8 years or greater with age will have what type of aromas
The complexity of mature champagne is expressed through dense aromas: gingerbread, toast, quince, walnuts, mocha, undergrowth
204
Champagne vine roots can penetrate to a depth of:
7 meters (22 feet)
205
Vineyards were first planted in Champagne?
The 3rd Century, in the period of the Roman Empire
206
Which of the main grape varieties in Champagne is the most precocious?
Chardonnay
207
What is the origin of the name "Meunier"
Means "Miller"
Names is derived from the white down underside of the leaves off the vine
208
If you look at the cross - section of a Champagne grape berry what color is the pulp?
White
209
Topping / Shooting trimming commences?
After trellising in Summer
210
What is the duration of the flowering period in Champagne?
10 days
211
What is the planting density in Champagne
8000 vines per ha
212
Champagne wine is exclusively produced from the juice extracted from?
The pulp
213
What are the 3 dimensions of blending a non vintage champagne
- Different Grape Varieties
- Crus
- Years
214
When the cellar master is working on the blend, he must anticipate what the most
The wine's development, particularly after the "prisse de mousse"
215
Why must Champagne bottles be stored away from the light?
To avoid the off flavors caused by light strike
216
How should you cellar your Champagne bottles after purchase
On their side or upright
217
What is the ideal temperature for cellaring your Champagne bottles
Around 10 degrees Celcius (48 degree F)
218
Too much humidity in your wine cellar can?
Encourage the growth of mold on the corks and the labels
219
The onset of ripening, when the grapes change color
Veriason
220
The stage when the grapes ripen
Maturation
221
The stage following bloom when the berries begin to form
Fruit Set
222
The stage when the vine makes grapes in bid to reproduce itself
Flowering
223
The stage when the buds swell and burst open, marking the beginning of new green growth
Budburst
224
The stage when the green shoots turn brown and lignify, building up reserving
Hardening Off
225
What is the Champagne growers' worst fear
Spring Frost
226
In the 17th Century, Champagne wine was known as?
Vin des Coteaux (wine of slopes)
227
Which grape variety is best adapted to heavy - textured subsoil derived from marl, clay, and sandstone
Meunier
228
What effect does the northern latitude of the Champagne region have on the wines produced there?
It produces low sugar, high acid wines
229
Why is the sloping, steep terrain in Champagne so conducive to grape growing?
It promotes sun exposure (and with it photosynthesis) and good drainage
230
What is the main effect on the grapes when the vines receive too much water?
The berries swell too much, sometimes resulting in unbalanced wines
231
French Appellation d'Origine Controlee is a certification system that guarantees "what" in the case of Champagne
Origin and respect for all the rules applying to vine growing and wine making
232
The VDC acronym stands for:
Viticulture Durable en Champagne (sustainable viticulture in Champagne)
233
By 2025, the Champagne AOC aims to reduce its carbon emissions by?
25%
234
Sustainable Viticulture in Champagne is?
A voluntary Initiative
235
In 2010, the weight of a Champagne bottle was reduced by?
65g
236
What were the inhabitants of Champagne called at the time of the Gauls
Remi
237
In the Middle Ages, wine making was essentially the preserve of?
The Religious Orders
238
Champagne wines first became effervescent because?
Effervescence is a natural process, most notably when fermentation is halted in winter then resumes in spring
239
When was idea to sought to foster the effervescence in Champagne wines?
In the late 17th Century
240
Champagne rocketed to success because?
It was the preferred wine of the monarchy and the European nobility
241
When did phylloxera spread to Champagne?
1890
242
What is Phylloxera
A ahpid
243
In what period did Champagne invest a pressing method for making white wines from black grapes
The second half of the 17th century
244
World War I cost the Champagne region?
40% of its vineyard areas
245
Who owns most of the Champagne vineyards
The growers (farmers)
246
When was the first Champagne Cooperative established?
1921
247
What is it that sets the Champagne wine region apart from others
The organization of the Champagne industry itself, consisting of the Growers who produce the grapes on the one hand and on the other hand the Houses who make and market 2/3 of the wine
248
What percentage of the global vineyard acreage is currently represented by the Champagne production zone?
0.5%
249
What percent of the value of all sparkling wines consumed globally is represented by Champagne
36%
250
Approximately how many countries buy Champagne from France?
More than 190
251
The Champagne wine growing region currently generates an annual turnover of almost
5 Billion Euros
252
Roughly how many bottles of Champagne are sold each year?
Around 300 million
253
The baptism of Clovis marked the point of departure for coronation of the King of France in Reims. When did Clovis baptism take place?
496
254
Approximately how many kilos of grapes are required to produce one bottle of Champagne
1.2 kg
255
When were the "Champagne , Slopes, Houses. and Cellars" added to the UNESCO World Heritage list?
July 4 2015
256
The Champagne industry today consist of?
Growers 16,000
Houses (Maisons) 340
Cooperatives 140
257
How many bottles of bubbly are said to lie slumbering in the Champagne cellars?
More than one billion bottles, equivalent of three shipments
258
What are the 3 major exports countries? Rank them from Number 1-3
1. USA
2. United Kingdom
3. Japan
259
The yield from a single vine represents the equivalent of how many bottles of Champagne
1
260
What is the name of the wire cage with metal cap that holds the Champagne cork in place
Muselet
261
What type of cap goes on a champagne bottle after liquour de tirage and is removed during liquour d'expedition (disgorgement)
Crown Cap
262
What is the proper way to asses the color of Champagne
Tilt the glass over a white background
263
Champagne is best served in what type of glass
A glass with a bulbous body and narrow neck
264
What is the best way to chill a bottle of Champagne
Place the bottle in an ice bucket for 20 to 30 minutes
265
What is the origin of primary aromas such as white flowers or cherries in a Champagne
The grape variety
The Terrior
Work in the Vineyard
266
In wine tasting terms, what is meant by length
The flavors persistence on the palate
267
Acidity in Champagne is often signs of
Freshness and "youthful" characteristics
268
The ideal temperature to serve Champagne is
8-10 degrees C (45-50 degrees F)
269
What senses come into play when tasting Champagne
```
Hearing
Sight
Smell
Taste
Touch
```
270
Where are aromas detected and developed
Initially on the nose, then on the palate
271
Why is the year 1936 important to Champagne
June 29, 1936, champagne has enjoyed a Protected Designation of Origin label (or Appellation d'Origine Controlee. abbreviated as AOC)
Its production is limited to the 35,000 hectares that make up the region of Champagne - home to 635 municipalities spread across the departments of Marne, Haut - Marne, Seine-et-Marne, Aisne, and Aube - and subject to a strict list of specifications.
Thanks to the 1936 decree, only sparkling wines produced in the Champagne region have the right to display the name "Champagne" on their labels
272
What does couer de terrior mean
Heart of the Terrior
273
What areas in Champagne would you typically find belemnite chalk
Higher elevation
274
What areas in Champagne would you typically find micraster chalk
lower slopes and valleys
275
Marne
Haute - Marne
Aube
These three departments are located in what region in Champagne
Champagne - Ardenne
276
Seine et Marne is located in what region in Champagne
Ile de France
277
Aisne is located in what region in Champagne
Picardy
278
A four thousand kilo press yields how many liters (gallons) of grape must
2,250 liters
674 gallons
279
What is Millerandage
A physiological disorder of the vine that occurs after cold and wet weather at the time of flowering. This can cause some berries not to fully develop. They remain small and seedless even when the rest of the bunch is full sized and ripe
280
What departments are all the Grand Crus' located
Marne (Montage de Reims, Vallee de la Marne, and Cote des Blancs)
281
Why is the year 1911 so important
1. The was the year the Echelle des Crus was established
| 2. The Aube protested their exclusion from the region of Champagne
282
What is chaptalisation
the addition of sugar to increase a wine's alcoholic strength
283
Pre Phylloxera how many vines did the region of Champagne
60,000 Ha (150,000 acres)
Today: Champagne has around 34,000 ha (84,000 acres)
284
Why do Pinot Noir vines prefer to face south in Champagne
Pinot Noir benefits from a maximum amount of sunshine - which helps push the late ripening grapes to maturity
285
Why do Chardonnay vines face East
Chardonnay needs as much sun exposure as possible
286
What are the only allowed vine training systems allowed for Grand Cru and Premier Cru vines in Champagne
Cordon de Royat
Chablis
287
Typically vines in Champagne are pulled out at what age
30 years
288
What do old vines help create in the wines from champagne
Create an inimitable concentration and complexity of flavor
289
Budbreak typically takes place in Champagne around which month?
Middle to late April
290
What grape is typically the first to bud
Chardonnay
Followed by:
Pinot Noir & then Meunier
291
What is Millerandage
Some flowers are poorly pollinated, producing small and seedless grapes
