Change

Question 1

What governs the labs utilized by chiropractors

Answer 1

CLIA (clinical laboratory improvement amendments)

Question 2

A patient with a UTI may have a subluxation where

Answer 2

Lumbar region

Question 3

Liver disease may present with subluxations where

Answer 3

T5-T9

Question 4

What are the s/s to order a UA

Answer 4

LBP, painful urination (dysuria), hematuria, suprapubic pain, urethral or vaginal discharge, frequent urination, inability, polydipsia, polyphagia

Question 5

What is the functional unit of the kidney

Answer 5

Nephron

Question 6

When is the best time to collect the specimen

Answer 6

Early morning, most concentrated

Question 7

Hydration and concentration is roughly indicated by what in urine

Answer 7

Color

Question 8

Red or dark brown urine is seen when

Answer 8

Excessive hemoglobin, RBS, myoglobin. lots of diseases associated with these s/s

Question 9

Yellow urine + Red blood = ?

Answer 9

Smoky urine

Question 10

What color urine is found with dehydration from fever,
vomiting, certain foods (rhubarb, Vit C, carrots),
medications

Answer 10

Orange

Question 11

What color urine is found to be bright yellow

Answer 11

Excessive B Vitamins

Question 12

What color urine is found with alkaptonuria, melanin problems like
malignant melanoma

Answer 12

Black

Question 13

What color urine is found with diabetes insipidus or
over hydration associated with low SpG; diabetes
insipidus associated with decrease pituitary ADH (eg.,
head trauma)

Answer 13

Colorless

Question 14

What color urine is found with liver
problems check bilirubin and urobilinogen
may also be referred to as dark yellow
may see jaundice of skin and sclera and other
findings possible for hepatitis/liver disease
(SGOT,SGPT, RUQ pain)

Answer 14

Brownish yellow/green

Question 15

What color urine is found associated with hyperlipidemia (risk
factor for heart disease)

Answer 15

Milky

Question 16

Hazy or cloudy urine is usually due to what

Answer 16

Infection

Question 17

Frothy urine is associated with what

Answer 17

Protein

Question 18

What does specific gravity measure

Answer 18

Kidneys ability to concentrate the urine (inability is a sign of early renal disease)

Question 19

Isosthenuria, fixed SpG at 1.010, the same as protein free plasma, signifies what

Answer 19

End stage renal failure

Question 20

Increased SpG has more “stuff” in it

Answer 20

Decreased SpG is more dilute urine

Question 21

What is the normal pH range

Answer 21

4.5-7.5. Acidic <7, Alkaline >7

Question 22

What conditions are associated with acidic pH’s

Answer 22

Respiratory acidosis (emphysema), metabolic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetes mellitus, lots of meats and cranberries

Question 23

What conditions are associated with alkaline pH’s

Answer 23

Respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation), metabolic alkalosis, UTI, E. coli, bacillus proteus (inc blue/cranberry juices), high veggies and citrus

Question 24

What is proteinuria used synonymously with

Answer 24

Albuminuria

Question 25

What normally prevents protein from entering the glomerular filtrate

Answer 25

Glomerulus

Question 26

Why must you always investigate proteinuria

Answer 26

Primary indicator of renal disease

Question 27

What does a positive dipstick need to be confirmed with

Answer 27

Sulfosalicylic acidic precipitation (detects all proteins)

Question 28

Strenuous exercise, exposure to cold, large abdomen, pregnancy, dehydration and febrile illness all increase the risk of

Answer 28

Proteinuria

Question 29

What is massive proteinuria

Answer 29

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 30

How may the urine appear in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 30

frothy

Question 31

Severe edema can be seen where in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 31

around the eyes

Question 32

Nephrotic syndrome is associated with what

Answer 32

toxins, bee stings, severe infections, and polycystic kidney

Question 33

What test should be run on all patient's with a 4+ protein

Answer 33

Bence Jones test

Question 34

What condition and xray sign may be a strong indicator for Bence Jones test

Answer 34

Multiple myeloma and Rain drop skull

Question 35

What is multiple myeloma

Answer 35

Malignant proliferation of plasma cells (produce antibodies)

Question 36

What urine protein is the bence jones protein

Answer 36

light chain

Question 37

What tests are used for finding a monoclonal immunoglobulin in urine

Answer 37

Urine protein electrophoresis and urine immunofixation

Question 38

T/F: A routine UA will detect Bence Jones proteins

Answer 38

FALSE, it will not

Question 39

What are the definitive tests for immunoglobulins in urine

Answer 39

Electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis

Question 40

If labs look like lytic mets what is the protocol

Answer 40

Bone scan, MRI, Biopsy

Question 41

If labs look like Multiple Myeloma, what is the protocol

Answer 41

PEP (urine and blood), skeletal survey, MRI, Biopsy

Question 42

What is usually ordered when the protein electrophoresis test shows the presence of an abnormal protein band that may be an immunoglobulin

Answer 42

Immunofixation electrophoresis

Question 43

When may glucosuria be seen

Answer 43

Immediately after eating a high carb meal, also with kidney disease

Question 44

Hyperglycemia and Glucosuria are classically seen in what condition

Answer 44

Diabetes mellitus

Question 45

When are ketones produced

Answer 45

Lack of available sugar getting to the cells due to lack of insulin

Question 46

what are ketones produced as a byproduct to

Answer 46

Fat metabolism

Question 47

Unconjugated bilirubin cannot pass what

Answer 47

glomerular filter

Question 48

What does a positive test for urine bilirubin confirm

Answer 48

That any raised plasma levels are from conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 49

What kind of bilirubin is prehepatic

Answer 49

Unconjugated

Question 50

What are the main cause of biliary obstruction (cholecystitis)

Answer 50

Gallstones (wait and see)

Question 51

What typically results from m. trauma due to crushing inj or MI. Occult blood w/o elevated RBC's

Answer 51

Myoglobinuria

Question 52

If there are increased RBCs what is is called

Answer 52

Yellow: Microhematuria | Red/pink/smoky: Hematuria

Question 53

TNTC

Answer 53

Too numerous to count