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History GCSE Edexcel > Changes Under Mao - 1949-63 > Flashcards

Changes Under Mao - 1949-63 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the First Five Year Plan?

A

1952-57

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2
Q

Why did Mao implement the First Five-Year Plan?

A

To industrialise and Modernise China

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3
Q

What were the effects of the first Five Year Plan?

A
  • Coal production doubled
  • Electric power production tripled
  • Steel production quadrupled
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4
Q

When was the second Five Year Plan? (The Great Leap Forward)

A

1958-62

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5
Q

Who announced the Great Leap Forward?

A

Liu Shaoqi

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6
Q

Reasons for the Great Leap Forward…

A
  • Mao’s confidence due to the last Five Year Plan
  • Mao wanted to end China’s dependence on the Soviet Union
  • Collectivisation would provide sufficient food for the expanding workforce, and a surplus to sell abroad and buy machinery
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7
Q

What was collectivisation?

A

The transformation of APC’s (Agricultural producers co-operatives) to communes, to supply the growing working population with food.

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8
Q

How many backyard furnaces were in use and what were they used for?

A

600,000, to produce steel for factories

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9
Q

What happened to private businesses?

A

All privately owned businesses were taken over by the CCP to control what was produced by industry.

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10
Q

What type of projects were started and built?

A

Huge bridges, dams and canals.

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11
Q

What were the effects of the Great Leap Forward?

A
  • Collectivisation failed and 50 million people died in the Famine
  • Steel from backyard furnaces was of poor quality and had to be thrown away
  • Production in businesses decreased due to no money incentive
  • Soviet experts left china in 1960 before the Chinese were sufficiently trained
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12
Q

What happened to Mao after the failure of the Great Leap Forward?

A

Mao resigned as head of state and for the next few years was rarely seen in public.

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13
Q

Why did farmers on communes not work?

A

No money incentives since all produce went straight to the government.

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14
Q

What was the Four Pests Campaign?

A

Where Mai told the peasants to drive ‘pests’ (most importantly sparrows) off of farms since he believed they were eating crops. This ended in more crops being eaten since there was a huge increase in insect population.

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15
Q

What did Soviet scientists come up with that Mao believed would help increase crop yield?

A

The ‘super crop’. This ended up not working and reducing crop output.

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16
Q

Why did Mao not do anything about the small amount of food being produced?

A

Mao’s advisers were too afraid at what Mao might say about the extremely low food levels, so lied to him about numbers.

17
Q

Why did Mao need to help change the role of women in Chinese society?

A

To achieve a true communist society where everyone was equal.

18
Q

What were stigmas against women previous to Mao’s campaign?

A
  • Women were ‘owned’ by male members of family.
  • The birth of a girl was disappointing for families.
  • Women could not vote, own property or file for divorce.
19
Q

Why was Mao especially opposed to arranged marriage?

A

He was a part of an arranged marriage which he refused, when he was only 14.

20
Q

When were the Marriage Laws implemented?

A

1950

21
Q

What happened to arranged marriage and the payment of dowry’s? (money paid to the groom’s family by the bride’s)

A

Both were banned.

22
Q

What was a concubine and what happened to them?

A

A man’s mistress (not married, usually for pleasure purposes), became forbidden.

23
Q

What happened to the old divorce laws?

A

Both men and women could now file for a divorce.

24
Q

What happened to women’s rights in terms of ownership of property?

A

Women were now allowed to buy, sell and own property.

25
Q

What happened to infanticide? (killing babies, mainly girls)

A

Banned.

26
Q

Why were male children higher valued than female?

A

Many Chinese people believed that without a son there would be no descendants, since only men could pass on the family name.

History GCSE Edexcel (3 decks)

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